Sources of Particulate Organic Matter and their use by Benthic Suspension-feeders in the Coastal California Ecosystem
颗粒有机物质的来源及其在加州沿海生态系统中底栖悬浮饲养者的使用
基本信息
- 批准号:0962306
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 86.94万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2010
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2010-04-01 至 2017-03-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Intellectual Merit: Understanding trophic connections and how resource variability affects consumers is necessary if we are to predict how food webs may shift in the face of environmental change. Macroalgae and phytoplankton support highly productive marine ecosystems. Research based on stable isotope analyses has supported the idea that macroalgal detritus, especially the giant kelp Macrocystis, is a major source of dietary carbon to benthic suspension-feeders. However, recent findings by the investigator's four-year stable isotope study suggest that phytoplankton, not kelp, are the main food resource for benthic suspension-feeders on reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel, and that variation in phytoplankton abundance, combined with feeding selectivity and the scale of consumer tissue turnover times, may drive variability in consumer isotope values. The results suggest that a key assumption made in 'snapshot' isotope studies of coastal ecosystems over the past 20 years, which the isotope signature of coastal phytoplankton can be represented by that of offshore phytoplankton, could be incorrect. This assumption has been made because of the difficulty in separating phytoplankton from detritus to obtain an uncontaminated isotope signature, also a problem in freshwater systems. The investigator will address two main objectives in this research project: 1) determining the contribution of phytoplankton and giant kelp detritus to the pool of suspended reef POM and whether POM composition varies with distance from kelp forests, and 2) evaluating how different components of the POM are used as food by reef suspension feeders. Two complementary approaches are designed to explore the contribution of phytoplankton and kelp detritus to POM in coastal waters: an advanced flow cytometry and cell-sorting system to separate phytoplankton from bulk POM, and analysis of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in POM and consumers. The investigators have obtained preliminary data that demonstrate the feasibility of both of these methods. Isotope values of isolated inshore phytoplankton and kelp, and compound-specific PUFA, will be used in mixing models to estimate relative contributions of these two major primary producers to suspension feeder diets. Two hypothesized mechanisms that may influence isotopic composition of consumers will also be tested: selective feeding on particular fractions of the POM, and tissue turnover times. This project will provide new insights into the trophic support of benthic suspension feeders, an ecologically and economically important guild in coastal ecosystems. The results will test the general hypothesis that giant kelp detritus is an important source of dietary carbon to suspension feeders, a commonly accepted idea that needs re-evaluation in light of key assumptions that have been made in its support. Stable isotope analyses are an ideal tool for testing this hypothesis given the spatial and temporal scales of variability that exist in the abundance of phytoplankton and giant kelp at our study sites. The sampling scheme combined with longer-term data on producer biomass provided by the Santa Barbara Coastal LTER will enable the investigators to capture this variability, which is generally missed by studies based on 'snapshot' stable isotope analyses.
智力价值:如果我们要预测食物网在面对环境变化时可能会发生怎样的变化,了解营养联系以及资源的可变性如何影响消费者是必要的。大型藻类和浮游植物支撑着高生产力的海洋生态系统。基于稳定同位素分析的研究支持这样一种观点,即大型藻类碎屑,特别是巨型海带巨囊藻类,是海底悬浮觅食者食物碳的主要来源。然而,研究人员四年稳定同位素研究的最新发现表明,浮游植物而不是海藻是圣巴巴拉海峡珊瑚礁上底栖生物悬浮摄食者的主要食物来源,浮游植物丰度的变化,加上摄食选择性和消费者组织周转时间的规模,可能会导致消费者同位素值的变化。这些结果表明,过去20年来沿海生态系统的快照同位素研究中的一个关键假设,即沿海浮游植物的同位素特征可以用近海浮游植物的同位素特征来表示,这一假设可能是不正确的。之所以提出这一假设,是因为很难将浮游植物从碎屑中分离出来,以获得未受污染的同位素特征,这也是淡水系统中的一个问题。调查员将讨论这项研究项目的两个主要目标:1)确定浮游植物和巨藻碎屑对悬浮礁POM池的贡献,以及POM的组成是否随着距离海藻森林的距离而变化,以及2)评估珊瑚礁悬浮喂食者如何将POM的不同成分用作食物。设计了两种互补的方法来探索浮游植物和海藻碎屑对沿海水域POM的贡献:先进的流式细胞仪和细胞分选系统将浮游植物与散装POM分开,以及分析POM和消费者中的必需多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)。调查人员已经获得了初步数据,证明了这两种方法的可行性。分离的近岸浮游植物和海藻的同位素值以及化合物特有的多不饱和脂肪酸将被用于混合模型,以估计这两个主要初级生产者对悬浮饲料的相对贡献。还将测试两种可能影响消费者同位素组成的假设机制:对特定部分的POM进行选择性喂养,以及组织周转时间。该项目将为底栖悬浮喂食者的营养支持提供新的见解,底栖悬浮喂食者是沿海生态系统中具有重要生态和经济意义的协会。这一结果将检验一个普遍的假设,即巨藻碎屑是悬浮喂食者饮食碳的重要来源,这一普遍接受的观点需要根据其支持的关键假设进行重新评估。稳定同位素分析是检验这一假设的理想工具,因为在我们的研究地点,浮游植物和巨型海带的丰度存在着空间和时间上的变异性。采样计划与圣巴巴拉沿海长期生物量研究中心提供的关于生产者生物量的长期数据相结合,将使调查人员能够捕捉到这种变异性,而基于‘快照’稳定同位素分析的研究通常忽略了这一点。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Henry Page其他文献
Using hydrogels in microscopy: A tutorial.
在显微镜中使用水凝胶:教程。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2016 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.4
- 作者:
P. Flood;Henry Page;E. Reynaud - 通讯作者:
E. Reynaud
Three-dimensional tissue cultures: current trends and beyond
- DOI:
10.1007/s00441-012-1441-5 - 发表时间:
2012-05-22 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.900
- 作者:
Henry Page;Peter Flood;Emmanuel G. Reynaud - 通讯作者:
Emmanuel G. Reynaud
Henry Page的其他文献
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