SHINE: The CME-Dimming Connection: How a More Complete Understanding of CME Energetics and Magnetic Connectivity can be Achieved through Dimming Observations

该小组将研究被称为“日冕变暗”的太阳爆发的常见特征，以增加我们对日冕物质抛射（cme）的起源和演化的理解。日冕变暗观测为日冕抛射提供了时间和位置信息，有助于深入了解日冕抛射的能量收支和不断演变的磁连通性。变暗运动提供了CME磁足点演化的动态视图，并有助于确定CME和太阳表面之间强磁连接可以持续的时间长度。在这个项目中，研究小组将确定调光可探测性与CME能量学和磁场形态之间的关系。他们还将通过比较远程调光测量和超热双向电子（BDEs）的现场观测来表征CME磁场的开放性，并测试CME的一个子集是否真的像目前预测的那样从外部扎根到它们的源区域。首席研究员（PI）预计，这项研究将最终提高我们预测日球层结构和日冕物质抛射影响的能力。该团队包括几名女性研究人员，她们将成为学生，特别是对物理科学和工程感兴趣的年轻女性的榜样。参与者将在社区研讨会和会议上介绍他们的调查结果。由于PI可以访问位于科罗拉多州博尔德的NOAA空间天气预报中心（SWPC），因此这项研究将对实际空间天气预报产生直接影响。她将与NOAA在SWPC的预报员合作，在项目期间实现CME预测的进步。SWPC的一名博士后研究员将与提出建议的团队以及来自NCAR高海拔天文台（NCAR/HAO）的科学家合作。

The team will study commonly-observed signatures of solar eruptions known as "coronal dimmings," in order to increase our understanding of the origins and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Coronal dimming observations provide timing and location information for CMEs, and can help provide insight concerning the energy budgets and evolving magnetic connectivity in CMEs. Dimming motions offer a dynamic view of CME magnetic footpoint evolution, and can aid in the determination of the length of time that strong magnetic connections between a CME and the solar surface can persist.In this project, the team will determine how dimming detectability relates to CME energetics and magnetic field morphology. They will also characterize the openness of CME magnetic fields by comparing remote dimming measurements with in situ observations of suprathermal bidirectional electrons (BDEs), and test whether a subset of CMEs actually evolve rooted externally to their source region, as is currently predicted. The Principal Investigator (PI) expects that this research will ultimately improve our ability to predict the heliospheric structure and impacts of CMEs.The team includes several female researchers who will be role models for students, and in particular, for young women interested in the physical sciences and engineering. The participants will present their results from this investigation at community workshops and meetings. Since the PI has access to NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) in Boulder, Colorado, this research will have a direct impact on operational space weather forecasting. She will work with NOAA forecasters at SWPC to implement advancements in CME predictions as they become available during the project. A postdoctoral researcher based at SWPC will collaborate with the proposing team and with scientists from NCAR's High Altitude Observatory (NCAR/HAO).