SHINE: Separating the Dynamic and Quiescent Corona: A New Tool for the Detection and Analysis of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)

该团队将研究日冕物质抛射（CME）和背景日冕内磁场和等离子体的动态重组，因为CME扰动通过日光层传播和扩展。在这项研究中，首席研究员（PI）将利用最近开发的技术，该技术首次实现了CME信号与天基和地基日冕图像中背景日冕的分离。通过将CME扰动与周围的日冕等离子体结构清楚地分离开来，PI的团队希望确定日冕磁场和日光层等离子体对这种扰动的响应。使用这种新方法，PI将大大改善CME事件的检测和分类，从大型CME到仪器噪声水平的微弱等离子体斑点，从而能够对CME进行更详细的统计研究。他还将能够创建一个太阳周期内日冕的3D等离子体密度图，这些图对于日冕建模，解释日光层等离子体观测，对日冕物质抛射的起源和传播的研究将增加我们对日冕物质抛射中天体物理激波发展和传播的基本性质的理解，一般来说，并使预测工具的开发，当CME干扰可能对地球的空间环境产生重大影响。 PI的在线CME数据库将向公众开放，其中有专门的部分旨在向非科学家解释CME的性质及其对地球的潜在影响。这里开发的CME分离和检测技术将对更广泛的图像处理社区有用。

The team will investigate the dynamic restructuring of the magnetic field and plasma within coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and background solar corona, as CME disturbances propagate and expand through the heliosphere. In this study, the Principal Investigator (PI) will exploit a recently developed technique which enables, for the first time, the isolation of a CME signal from the background corona in space-based and ground-based coronagraph images at fine resolution. By clearly separating the CME disturbance from ambient coronal plasma structures, the PI's team expects to determine the response of the coronal magnetic field and heliospheric plasma to such disturbances. Using this new method, the PI will greatly improve the detection and classification of CME events, from large CMEs down to faint plasma blobs at the level of instrumental noise, enabling a more detailed statistical study of CMEs. He will also be able to create 3D plasma density maps of the corona over a solar cycle, and such maps will be extremely useful for coronal modeling, for interpreting heliospheric plasma observations, and for direct study of the height of the corona and its temporal evolution.This investigation of the initiation and propagation of CMEs will increase our understanding of the fundamental properties of astrophysical shock development and propagation in general, and enable the development of predictive tools for when CME disturbances could have a significant impact on the Earth's space environment. The PI's online CME database will be made accessible to the public, with special sections designed for explaining to non-scientists the nature of CMEs and their potential impact on the Earth. The techniques developed here for CME separation and detection will be useful to the wider image processing community.