Collaborative Research: The Role of Plants in the Environmental Fate of Growth Promoters and Antibiotics Used in Concentrated Animal Feed Operations

提案标题：合作研究：植物在集中动物饲料操作中使用的生长促进剂和抗生素的环境命运中的作用首席研究员：Chin，Yu-ping；Schnoor，Jerald研究所：俄亥俄州立大学；爱荷华州大学提案编号：CBET-0965863；CBET-0966683集中动物饲料操作废物和其他用于土地应用的动物粪便含有激素(自然和管理)、模拟激素活性的合成物质和抗生素。这些物质可随径流进入地表水，并可能对水生生态系统产生有害影响，例如极低浓度的本地鱼类雌性化(ng/L)。虽然微生物降解已被记录在案，并被认为是主要的降解途径，但其中一些物质在使用CAFO废物后可以持续几个月。植物的吸收和净化可能是一种经济有效的手段，可以拦截这些废物中的激素、它们的合成类似物和抗生素，这些废物已经通过使用沿地表水道的河岸缓冲带应用于农田。此外，有证据表明，植物和对土壤的吸附也可以防止这些物质进入地下水。在这项提案中，私人投资机构希望研究经济作物是否能够转化这些化合物，或者仅仅是积累它们。他们将检验这样的假设：(1)激素(合成类似物和天然的)和抗生素可以被植物根据这些物质的物理化学性质来吸收；(2)植物可以积累这些物质并将其转化为良性的衍生物；以及(3)植物的吸收和降解与土壤中的自然衰减相辅相成，是被动处理这些物质的有效手段。为了检验这些假设，他们将以大豆为试材，研究植物对17-雌二醇及其代谢物雌酮、玉米赤霉醇(非激素生长促进剂)和泰乐菌素(一种抗生素)的吸收和降解；杂交杨树，一种可以理想地用于河岸缓冲区的树；以及箭根，一种本土的非侵入性水生植物。他们将评估1)目标化合物的吸附/解吸特征以及这一过程将如何影响它们对植物的生物有效性，2)植物是否发生变化，3)化合物及其代谢物在植物组织中积累的位置，以及4)土壤和根际微生物群落在这些化合物整体降解中的作用。从CAFO废物释放到地表水中的荷尔蒙、其合成类似物和其他药物对水生生态系统构成威胁。尽管自然衰减可以降解其中的许多化合物，但在土地使用几个月后，粪便肥料仍然可以淋洗这些物质，从而损害水生生物。植物吸收和降解与本地微生物降解相辅相成，结合起来可将CAFO废物中这些物质的浓度降低到危害较小的水平。拟议的工作将支持两名学生的研究生教育。私营部门还积极向科学界和广大公众传播这方面的信息。其中包括由K-12学生、P.I.和他们的研究小组参与的积极项目。最后，他们将与各自的大学推广计划协调努力，帮助农场社区处理农业废物。

Proposal Title: Collaborative Research: The Role of Plants in the Environmental Fate of Growth Promoters and Antibiotics Used in Concentrated Animal Feed OperationsPrincipal Investigators: Chin, Yu-Ping; Schnoor, JeraldInstitutions: Ohio State University; University of IowaProposal No: CBET-0965863; CBET-0966683Concentrated animal feed operation (CAFO) waste and other sources of animal manure used in land applications contain hormones (natural and administered), synthetic substances that mimic hormonal activity, and antibiotics. These substances can enter surface waters with runoff and may have deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystem such as the feminization of native fish at exceedingly low concentrations (ng/L). While microbial degradation has been documented to occur and is believed to be the primary degradation pathway, some of these substances can persist for months after the application of CAFO waste. Uptake and depuration by plants may be a cost effective means to intercept hormones, their synthetic analogs, and antibiotics in these wastes that have been applied to croplands through the use of riparian buffer strips along surface waterways. Further, evidence show that plants and sorption to soils can also prevent the introduction of these substances to groundwater. In this proposal the PIs wish to examine whether economic crop plants can transform these compounds or merely accumulate them. They will test the hypotheses that: (1) hormones (synthetic analogs and natural) and antibiotics can be taken up by plants based upon the physicochemical properties of these substances; (2) plants can both accumulate and transform these substances to benign derivatives; and (3) plant uptake and degradation complement natural attenuation in soils and in combination are an effective means to passively treat these substances.To test these hypotheses, they will examine the plant uptake and degradation of 17â-estradiol, its metabolite estrone, zeranol (a non-hormone growth promoter), and tylosin (an antibiotic) using soybean plants, a row crop plant; hybrid poplars, a tree that can be ideally used in riparian buffers; and arrow root, a native non-invasive aquatic plant. They will assess 1) sorption/desorption characteristics of the target compounds and how this process will affect their bioavailability to the plants, 2) whether transformation occurs in the plants, 3) where the compounds and their metabolites accumulate in plant tissues, and 4) the role of microbial communities in soils and the rhizosphere in the overall degradation of these compounds.Hormones, their synthetic analogs, and other pharmaceuticals released to surface waters from CAFO waste pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Even though natural attenuation can degrade many of these compounds, manure fertilizer can still leach these substances at levels that can harm aquatic organisms months after land application. Plant uptake and degradation complements native microbial degradation and in combination may reduce the concentration of these substances in CAFO waste to less harmful levels. The proposed work will support the graduate education of two students. The PIs are also active in disseminating this information to both the scientific community and the public at large. These include active programs involving K-12 students, the P.I.s, and their research groups. Finally, they will coordinate their efforts with their respective university extension programs to help farm communities cope with agricultural waste.