International Research Fellowship Program: Mechanisms of Sclerenchyma Cell Secondary Wall Development in Brachypodium

国际研究奖学金计划：短柄草厚壁细胞次生壁发育机制

• 批准号: 1002683
• 负责人: Michael Harrington
• 金额: $ 13.78万
• 依托单位: Harrington Michael J
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1002683&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Mechanisms

1002683HarringtonThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four-month research fellowship by Dr. Michael Harrington to work with Dr. Herman Hofte at Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique Biologie Cellulaire in France.Worldwide the demand for renewable energy made from non-food plant biomass is increasing. Plant biomass (or ?lignocellulose?) serves is an attractive alternative to the current biomass feedstocks, i.e., corn and sugar cane, and is found in plant cell walls. Cell walls of most plants are composed of energy-rich polysaccharide polymers that can be broken down (?saccharification?) to produce many bio-based products (e.g., bioplastics, fibers for textile) and bioethanol. Interestingly, little is known about the mechanisms underlying cell wall synthesis. The goal of this research is to understand both the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying secondary cell wall development of sclerenchyma cells using Brachypodium distachyon, a model for biomass feedstocks. Sclerenchyma cells are composed of thick secondary walls, providing much of the biomass used for biofuel production and bio-based materials. This project involves the characterization of sclerenchyma cell formation using a variety of molecular tools to generate a developmental 3D reconstruction of this process. Moreover, the molecular regulators (i.e., transcription factors or/and processing enzymes) of sclerenchyma cell differentiation and maturation are being identified using a variety of physical and chemical tools, from laser capture microdissection, transcriptomics, to cell wall composition analysis assays for gene expression and function studies. Ultimately, this work is improving our knowledge of secondary cell wall synthesis while identifying the regulators of this process to improve biomass saccharification. Conversely, this work addresses concerns for sustainable sources of energy, fibers, and chemicals by creating a dedicated biomass crop.

1002683哈林顿国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行9到24个月的研究。 该计划的奖项提供了联合研究的机会，并使用独特或互补的设施，专业知识和国外的实验条件。该奖项将支持由迈克尔哈灵顿博士与赫尔曼霍夫特博士在法国国家研究所细胞生物学研究所工作24个月的研究奖学金。世界范围内对非食品植物生物质制成的可再生能源的需求正在增加。植物生物量（或？木质纤维素？）SERVES是目前生物质原料的有吸引力的替代品，即，玉米和甘蔗中，并在植物细胞壁中发现。 大多数植物的细胞壁由富含能量的多糖聚合物组成，这些多糖聚合物可以被分解（？糖化？）为了生产许多生物基产品（例如，生物塑料、纺织纤维）和生物乙醇。有趣的是，人们对细胞壁合成的机制知之甚少。 本研究的目的是了解的细胞和分子机制的厚壁细胞次生细胞壁的发展，使用二穗短柄草，生物质原料的模型。厚壁组织细胞由厚的次生壁组成，提供用于生物燃料生产和生物基材料的大部分生物质。 该项目涉及厚壁组织细胞形成的表征，使用各种分子工具来生成该过程的发育3D重建。此外，分子调节剂（即，使用多种物理和化学工具，从激光捕获显微切割、转录组学，到用于基因表达和功能研究的细胞壁组成分析测定，鉴定厚壁组织细胞分化和成熟的转录因子或/和加工酶）。 最终，这项工作正在提高我们对次生细胞壁合成的认识，同时确定这一过程的调节剂，以改善生物质糖化。相反，这项工作通过创造一种专用的生物质作物来解决能源、纤维和化学品的可持续来源问题。