NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2010

2010 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金

• 批准号: 1003009
• 负责人: Jason Sexton
• 金额: $ 23.9万
• 依托单位: Sexton Jason P
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1003009&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology; FY

This action funds an NSF Minority Postdoctoral Research Fellowship for FY 2010, co-funded with the NSF International Research Fellows Program. The fellowship supports a research and training plan in a host laboratory for the Fellow who also presents a plan to broaden participation in biology. The title of the research and training plan for this fellowship to Jason Sexton is "Gene flow and niche breadth in novel environments: Adaptation under predicted climate change in Australian alpine plants." The host institution for this research is University of Melbourne, and the sponsoring scientist is Dr. Ary Hoffmann.Gene flow has long been hypothesized to affect niche breadth and adaptive processes within novel environments. Yet, the understanding of the effects of gene flow on adaptation in empirical systems is meager. Climate change is predicted to cause much extinction, particularly in alpine systems where high numbers of endemic species have little space to migrate uphill and must rely on in situ adaption. Field experiments are being conducted in alpine environments of southeastern Australia with plant species from several genera, including grasses, sedges, and forbs. The effects of experimental gene flow (controlled crosses) from different distances on genetic variation and adaptive responses are being assessed in current and experimentally warmed conditions, allowing a comparison of the effects of gene flow on niche breadth across multiple taxa and at multiple geographic scales. The training objects include quantifying natural selection in natural and experimental populations, conducting a large-scale, multi-species climate change study to answer important questions in evolutionary and conservation biology, and collaborating among scientists and management groups to achieve research goals and to disseminate research findings to natural resource managers and to the public. Developing an understanding of how gene flow, genetic diversity, and climate adaptation interact within alpine systems may contribute to strategies aimed more broadly at geographically restricted biological systems, which, to persist, must respond to environmental shifts as a result of human-induced climate change.

这项行动为2010财年的NSF少数民族博士后研究奖学金提供资金，该奖学金与NSF国际研究员计划共同资助。该研究金支持研究员在东道实验室的研究和培训计划，研究员还提出了扩大生物学参与的计划。该奖学金的研究和培训计划的标题为杰森塞克斯顿是“基因流和生态位宽度在新的环境：适应下预测的气候变化在澳大利亚高山植物。“这项研究的主办机构是墨尔本大学，赞助科学家是阿里·霍夫曼博士。长期以来，基因流一直被假设会影响新环境中的生态位宽度和适应过程。然而，对经验系统中基因流动对适应的影响的理解是贫乏的。据预测，气候变化将导致大量物种灭绝，特别是在高山系统中，大量特有物种几乎没有向上迁移的空间，必须依靠就地适应。在澳大利亚东南部的高山环境中进行了田间试验，植物物种来自几个属，包括草，莎草和杂类草。实验基因流（控制杂交）从不同的距离遗传变异和适应性反应的影响正在评估目前和实验变暖的条件下，允许跨多个类群和在多个地理尺度上的生态位宽度的基因流的影响进行比较。培训对象包括量化自然和实验种群中的自然选择，进行大规模的多物种气候变化研究，以回答进化和保护生物学中的重要问题，以及科学家和管理团体之间的合作，以实现研究目标，并向自然资源管理人员和公众传播研究成果。了解高山系统内的基因流动、遗传多样性和气候适应如何相互作用，可能有助于制定更广泛地针对地理上受限制的生物系统的战略，这些生物系统要想持续下去，就必须对人类引起的气候变化所造成的环境变化作出反应。