Doctoral Dissertation Research: Contested Renewal: The Rebuilding of the South Bronx

博士论文研究：有争议的更新：南布朗克斯的重建

• 批准号: 1003827
• 负责人: Richard Walker
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1003827&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Contested; Renewal

In the last thirty years, the South Bronx has transformed from a national symbol of urban crisis and dystopia to a model for new forms of urban redevelopment. But the nature of this renewal, and who it benefits, is deeply contested. Capital is returning to the South Bronx, and some claim that community-driven "renewal without displacement" is producing a new, economically diverse South Bronx. But critics point to the area's continuing poverty and racialization, and some residents fear that renewal will lead to gentrification and displacement. This complexity poses challenging questions to the existing literature on gentrification and urban renewal. Accounts that rely on a dichotomy of gentrification and resistance to it cannot explain how reinvestment has emerged from simultaneously collaborative and conflictive efforts to fight disinvestment and displacement. Also largely unaddressed are the practices involved in transforming the spatialized racial and class difference of stigmatized areas to enable reinvestment. This research examines three field sites in the South Bronx to address the following questions: 1) How did reinvestment and renewal emerge out of the collapse of the 1970s and 1980s? 2) How has reinvestment been shaped by tensions and collaborations among developers, community organizations, and the local state? 3) How are processes of reinvestment shifting how race and class are lived, thought, and managed in the South Bronx? 4) What new spatial orders of ghettoization and/or gentrification have emerged out of processes of reinvestment in the South Bronx? In-depth interviews, participant observation, archival research, and "biographies" of buildings will provide data on the complex, contested processes of reinvestment shaping both the South Bronx and the production of raced, classed, and spaced identities. The investigators expect to demonstrate 1) that processes of reinvestment are continuously contested and this has produced a form of urban renewal that remedies some forms of inequality while reinforcing others, and 2) that an emphasis on class and economic diversity is used to rework spatialized racial, ethnic, and class difference. The research analyzes the implications of urban renewal policies and practices, adopted in the aftermath of the urban crisis of the 1970s, and how this renewal is related to gentrification and displacement. This study will contribute to a simultaneously nuanced and critical view of redevelopment and gentrification by showing how collaboration and conflict among community groups, real estate investors, and local government have created a particular form of urban renewal in the South Bronx. Exploring these issues in the South Bronx is especially important because the South Bronx is increasingly emerging as a national model for urban recovery and life-among-the-ruins, despite the fact that New York City differs from many other cities in that its wealth and growth fuels a seemingly inexorable process of gentrification. By looking at how renewal in the South Bronx challenges inequality in some ways at the same time that it perpetuates it in others, this project has the potential to inform efforts to reduce urban inequality and poverty and produce more just renewal efforts. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award will also provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

在过去的三十年中，南布朗克斯（South Bronx）从城市危机和反乌托邦的国家象征转变为新形式的城市重建模型。但是，这种更新的本质及其受益的人具有深深的争议。 Capital正在返回南布朗克斯市，有人声称社区驱动的“无流离失所”正在产生新的，经济上多样化的南布朗克斯。但是批评者指出了该地区持续的贫困和种族化，一些居民担心更新会导致高档化和流离失所。这种复杂性对现有文献提出了挑战性的问题，这些文献涉及绅士化和城市更新。依靠绅士化和抵抗力的二分法的说法无法解释如何从同时协作和冲突的努力中出现重新投资，以抗击削减投资和流离失所和流离失所。同样在很大程度上尚未得到解决，这涉及改变污名化地区的空间种族和阶级差异以进行再投资。这项研究研究了南布朗克斯市的三个现场地点，以解决以下问题：1）再投资和更新如何摆脱1970年代和1980年代的崩溃？ 2）如何通过开发人员，社区组织和当地国家之间的紧张局势和合作来塑造再投资？ 3）如何在南布朗克斯区的生活，思考和管理种族和阶级的重新投资过程？ 4）在南布朗克斯地区的重新投资过程中出现了哪些新的贫民化和/或高档化的空间命令？深入的访谈，参与者的观察，档案研究和建筑物的“传记”将提供有关复杂，有争议的再投资过程的数据，这些过程构成了南布朗克斯群岛以及赛车，分类和间隔的身份的生产。 调查人员期望证明1）重新投资过程是不断争议的，这产生了一种城市更新的形式，该形式弥补了某些形式的不平等，同时加强了其他形式的不平等，而2）强调阶级和经济多样性的重点是为了重新调整空间化的种族，种族，阶级差异。 该研究分析了城市更新政策和实践的含义，这些政策和实践在1970年代的城市危机之后采用，以及这种更新与绅士化和流离失所的关系。这项研究将通过展示社区团体，房地产投资者和地方政府之间如何在南布朗克斯创建了一种特殊形式的城市续约形式，从而有助于对重建和高档化的同时细微差别看法。在南布朗克斯郡探索这些问题尤其重要，因为南布朗克斯越来越多地成为城市恢复和寿命的国家模式，尽管纽约市与许多其他城市有所不同，因为其财富和增长燃料似乎是一种看似不可观的高档化过程。通过查看南布朗克斯的更新如何在某些方面挑战不平等，同时它将其永久化，该项目有可能为减少城市不平等和贫困的努力提供帮助，并产生更多的更新努力。作为博士学位论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生能够建立强大的独立研究职业。