Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Negotiating Identities during the Copper Age: A Bioarchaeological Study of Burial and Social Networks on the Hungarian Plain (4500-3500 BC)

博士论文改进补助金：铜器时代的身份谈判：匈牙利平原埋葬和社交网络的生物考古学研究（公元前4500-3500年）

• 批准号: 1005294
• 负责人: Lynne Schepartz
• 金额: $ 1.57万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-15 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1005294&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Negotiating

Under the supervision of Dr. Lynne Schepartz, Ian Pawn will collect and analyze data from eleven Copper Age cemeteries on the Hungarian Plain. The Copper Age is well known for a series of major social changes, as seen in new residence patterns and the appearance of formalized burial areas outside of settlements. The most famous of these cemeteries is Tiszapolgár-Basatanya, where it was found that age and gender were denoted through the inclusion of specific grave offerings. It is hypothesized that as changes swept across the region, new social networks and conflicting identities were reflected in increasing differentiation in burial treatment. The project focuses on understanding how changing social and biological relationships are represented in mortuary ritual and how greater scales of interaction and changes in the way societies are integrated might have influenced prehistoric societies.This research is important because it makes clear the connection between how people live and how they treat their dead. This relationship is not as direct as it appears, but mortuary ritual still provides a valuable means to examine social relations and values. The project uses both skeletal remains and grave goods to examine the diversity in social networks and burials. To achieve this, the project will collect data on body positioning, location of the grave within the cemetery, items included in the grave, and biological data for age and sex estimation. In addition, it is hypothesized that the larger cemeteries on the Hungarian Plain may be burial areas used by many communities. Further, differences in burial treatment between genders may represent changing social relations between genders. To more accurately model social relations, the project uses biodistance analysis of cranial and dental metric and non-metric variation to examine kinship, individual mobility, and post-marital residence Beyond the interests of archaeologists and anthropologists, one broader impact of this project is to expand understandings of the development of social differentiation and how it relates to prehistoric social systems. This may help uncover the root causes of social stratification. The project employs a non-destructive method for examining social change that could easily be applied to other regions and time periods. The project promotes collaboration between American and European archaeologists and it will assist in the training of Ian Pawn as a professional anthropologist. Findings will be distributed through peer reviewed scientific publications.

在Lynne Schepartz博士的监督下，Ian Pawn将收集和分析匈牙利平原上11个铜器时代墓地的数据。铜器时代以一系列重大的社会变化而闻名，如新的居住模式和定居点外正式墓葬区的出现。这些墓地中最著名的是Tiszapolgár-Basatanya，在那里发现年龄和性别通过包含特定的坟墓祭品来表示。据推测，随着变化席卷整个地区，新的社交网络和相互冲突的身份反映在越来越多的埋葬待遇的差异。该项目的重点是了解不断变化的社会和生物关系如何在丧葬仪式中表现出来，以及更大规模的互动和社会整合方式的变化如何影响史前社会。这项研究很重要，因为它明确了人们如何生活和他们如何对待死者之间的联系。这种关系并不像表面上看起来那么直接，但丧葬仪式仍然提供了一种审视社会关系和价值观的有价值的手段。 该项目使用骨骼遗骸和坟墓物品来研究社交网络和墓葬的多样性。为实现这一目标，该项目将收集关于尸体定位、墓地内坟墓位置、坟墓中所含物品的数据，以及用于估计年龄和性别的生物数据。此外，据推测，匈牙利平原上较大的墓地可能是许多社区使用的埋葬区。此外，不同性别之间的埋葬待遇差异可能代表着不同性别之间社会关系的变化。为了更准确地模拟社会关系，该项目使用颅骨和牙齿度量和非度量变化的生物距离分析来检查亲属关系，个人流动性和婚后居住除了考古学家和人类学家的兴趣之外，该项目的一个更广泛的影响是扩大对社会分化发展的理解，以及它如何与史前社会制度相关。这可能有助于揭示社会分层的根源。该项目采用了一种非破坏性的方法来研究社会变革，这种方法可以很容易地应用于其他地区和时期。该项目促进了美国和欧洲考古学家之间的合作，并将协助培训伊恩·典当成为一名专业人类学家。研究结果将通过同行评审的科学出版物分发。