SBIR Phase I: Two-Phase Microchannel Heat Sink with Porous Layers Lining Channel Inner Walls

这个小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第一阶段项目将开发一种先进的两相微/迷你通道散热器，可以消除高热通量，减少不稳定性，并实现比目前最先进的两相散热器更均匀的温度。所提出的概念将通过解决两个关键问题，即平行通道不稳定性和经历蒸汽爆炸的通道瞬态干干，潜在地提高两相微/迷你通道散热器的可扩展性、可靠性和多功能性。提出的概念中的具体特征是在散热器壁上内衬多孔层。多孔层在流动沸腾时提供更均匀的成核，并在气泡排气期间储存液体以供蒸发，从而提高温度均匀性，减少流动和温度振荡。第一阶段项目有三个目标：(1)建立一个模型来选择最有利的多孔层和散热器几何形状；(2)优化多孔层制备和表征技术；(3)构建并测试多孔层微通道散热片，验证其性能。第二阶段项目将为这些合作伙伴开发先进的两相微/迷你通道散热器，用于特定的商业和军事应用。建议工作的更广泛影响和商业化潜力本项目的更广泛影响/商业潜力将有助于更好地了解两相微/迷你通道的不稳定性，并制定有效的手段来抑制它们。该项目的结果将提高微/迷你通道散热器在不同操作条件下的实用性和稳健性。这是迈向两相微/迷你通道散热器商业化的关键一步。移动互联网、辅助技术以及芯片制造、人口老龄化和交通运输等市场领域的其他电子技术可以从拟议的技术中受益。据预测，如果在计算机数据中心实施先进的芯片级（液体、两相等）冷却解决方案，仅在美国每年就可以节省10亿美元的电力。

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will develop an advanced two-phase micro/mini-channel heat sink that can remove high heat fluxes with reduced instabilities and achieve more uniform temperatures than the current state of-the-art two-phase heat sinks. The proposed concept will potentially improve the scalability, reliability, and versatility of two-phase micro/mini-channel heat sinks by addressing two key issues: parallel channel instabilities and transient dryout of channels experiencing vapor explosion. The specific feature in the proposed concept is a porous layer lining the heat sink walls. The porous layer provides more uniform nucleation during flow boiling and also stores liquid for evaporation during the bubble venting period, resulting in improved temperature uniformity and reduced flow and temperature oscillations. There are three objectives for the Phase I project: (1) develop a model to select the most favorable porous layer and heat sink geometries; (2) optimize the techniques for porous layer manufacturing and characterization; and (3) build and test microchannel heat sinks with porous layers to demonstrate their performances. The Phase II project will develop the advanced two-phase micro/mini-channel heat sinks for specific commercial and military applications for these partners.Broader Impact of the Proposed Work and Commercialization PotentialThe broader impact/commercial potential of this project will contribute to better understanding of two-phase micro/mini-channel instabilities and develop effective means to suppress them. The results of the project will improve micro/mini-channel heat sink usefulness and robustness for diverse operating conditions. This is a critical step towards commercialization of two-phase micro/mini-channel heat sinks. Mobile internet, assistive technologies, and other electronics technologies with market sectors in chip manufacturing, aging population, and transportation could benefit from the proposed technology. It was predicted that the total annual electricity savings in the U.S. alone could reach $1B if advanced chip level (liquid, two-phase, etc.) cooling solutions are implemented for computer data centers.