SBIR Phase I: Tunable laser diode spectrometer for point-of-care testing

SBIR 第一阶段：用于现场护理测试的可调谐激光二极管光谱仪

• 批准号: 1014188
• 负责人: Edwin Koerperick
• 金额: $ 14.96万
• 依托单位: ASL Analytical, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1014188&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; Tunable; laser; diode

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will develop a compact, widely-tunable, high-brightness laser diode spectrometer that will be the core of an automated point-of-care (POC) monitor capable of tracking key blood metabolites for patients in intensive care units. The tunable laser is based on a 2.4 micron wavelength laser diode that utilizes antimonide III-V semiconductor materials and is coupled to an external cavity. A high-brightness source will be a great aid for spectroscopy in turbid solutions with low optical throughput like whole blood. The tunable laser spectrometer will have significantly higher brightness than is available with conventional broad-band sources. The wide tunability required to differentiate the spectral signatures of the target analytes from those of other biomolecules will be achieved first by broadening the gain spectrum through a series of quantum wells with staggered emission wavelengths, and second, by fabricating laser devices using a curved-waveguide geometry to suppress optical feedback from the laser diode facets. An intracavity, temperature-controlled acousto-optic tunable filter will provide the necessary wavelength stability and tuning range, giving the instrument a rugged, compact, all-solid state design with no moving parts. The tunable laser diode will enable direct spectroscopic measurements in small volumes of whole blood.The broader impact/commercial potential of this project is to significantly enhance patient care. The point-of-care monitor based on this tunable laser spectrometer will provide automated measurement of key blood metabolites at the bedside and semi-continuous monitoring of metabolic status. The monitor will periodically collect absorption spectra of a small blood sample, and reinfuse the blood into the patient through an arterial catheter, allowing regular monitoring of glucose, urea, creatinine and lactate. Regular monitoring of glucose enables the use of intensive insulin therapy, which has been shown to improve the outcome of intensive care unit patients. Tracking urea and creatinine concentrations provides a measure of renal function that can be used for early identification of acute kidney failure. Detection of elevated lactate concentrations can be used as an indicator of metabolic distress for unstable patients. The tunable laser-based point-of-care monitor can provide more information than is available now without increasing costs. Unlike standard blood chemistry assays, optical measurements do not require reagents, so there is no incremental cost to limit the frequency of monitoring. Since the measurement results in no blood loss, it is safe to use in patients who would be intolerant of frequent blood draws.

该小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第一阶段项目将开发一种紧凑、可广泛调谐、高亮度的激光二极管光谱仪，该光谱仪将成为自动化护理点（POC）监测仪的核心，能够跟踪重症监护病房患者的关键血液代谢物。可调谐激光器基于2.4微米波长的激光二极管，该激光二极管利用锑化物III-V半导体材料并耦合到外腔。高亮度光源将是一个很大的帮助，在混浊的解决方案，如全血低光通量光谱。可调谐激光光谱仪将具有比传统宽带光源高得多的亮度。将目标分析物的光谱特征与其他生物分子的光谱特征区分开所需的宽可调谐性将首先通过通过具有交错发射波长的一系列量子威尔斯加宽增益光谱来实现，其次通过使用弯曲波导几何形状来制造激光器件以抑制来自激光二极管面的光学反馈来实现。一个腔内，温度控制的声光可调谐滤波器将提供必要的波长稳定性和调谐范围，使仪器坚固，紧凑，全固态设计，没有移动部件。 可调谐激光二极管将使小体积全血的直接光谱测量成为可能。该项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力是显着提高患者护理。基于这种可调谐激光光谱仪的床旁监护仪将在床旁提供关键血液代谢物的自动测量和代谢状态的半连续监测。监测仪将定期收集少量血液样本的吸收光谱，并通过动脉导管将血液重新注入患者体内，从而定期监测葡萄糖、尿素、肌酐和乳酸盐。 定期监测血糖可以使用强化胰岛素治疗，这已被证明可以改善重症监护室患者的预后。跟踪尿素和肌酐浓度提供了一种肾功能的测量方法，可用于早期识别急性肾衰竭。乳酸浓度升高的检测可用作不稳定患者代谢窘迫的指标。基于可调谐激光的即时监测仪可以提供比现在更多的信息，而不会增加成本。与标准的血液化学分析不同，光学测量不需要试剂，因此不会增加限制监测频率的成本。由于测量结果没有失血，因此用于不耐受频繁抽血的患者是安全的。