Collaborative Research: Do expected evolutionary trade-offs in enzyme activities manifest at the level of microbial community function?

合作研究：酶活性的预期进化权衡是否体现在微生物群落功能水平上？

• 批准号: 1021112
• 负责人: Noah Fierer
• 金额: $ 26.88万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1021112&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Do; expected; evolutionary

Respiration is the process by which chemical energy is released in a series of enzyme-catalyzed steps typically involving the consumption of organic (carbon containing) compounds and oxygen, and the production of carbon dioxide and water. The speed at which respiration occurs, and carbon dioxide is produced, increases as temperatures increase. For this reason there is concern that microorganisms living in soil, where much of the world's carbon is stored, will consume more soil carbon under global warming. If they do, they may release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, potentially accelerating global warming. There is substantial uncertainty as to whether this positive feedback to warming will happen - in part because living things can produce respiratory enzymes that have different temperature sensitivities. The goal of this project is to test whether soil microbes maintain initial increases in respiration when temperatures rise, or whether over time they decrease respiration in a way that is consistent with production of less temperature-sensitive enzymes. To quantify soil microbes, this 3-year project will use DNA-sequencing and fatty-acid profiling methodologies. To determine respiration rates, carbon dioxide production from soils will be measured using gas-analysis techniques. To generate differences in temperatures to which microbes are exposed, soils will be collected across a gradient from the arctic to the tropics, in winter and in summer, and incubated in the laboratory at different temperatures.Results of this project will be important because they will help improve predictions of soil microbial responses and feedbacks to future climate changes, facilitating development of management strategies to mitigate impacts of global warming on humans and ecosystems. From the perspective of basic science, it will help scientists determine whether responses inside microbial cells can alter ecosystem processes that influence the climate system. From education and training perspectives, the project solidifies collaborations between three assistant professors in schools within the U.S. The professors will train the next generation of U.S scientists by advising undergraduate students in conducting independent research. Furthermore, doctoral students will be trained through an interdisciplinary workshop integrating microbiology and ecosystem science. As microbes are the engines that drive the biogeochemical processes on which life depends, this integration is important to help guide sustainable management of the planet.

呼吸是在一系列酶催化的步骤中释放化学能的过程，通常涉及有机（含碳）化合物和氧的消耗，以及二氧化碳和水的产生。发生呼吸和产生二氧化碳的速度随着温度的增加而增加。因此，人们担心生活在世界上大部分碳被存储在土壤中的微生物将在全球变暖下消耗更多的土壤碳。 如果这样做，他们可能会将更多的二氧化碳释放到大气中，并有可能加速全球变暖。对于这种对变暖的积极反馈是否会发生 - 部分是因为生物可以产生具有不同温度敏感性的呼吸酶。该项目的目的是测试当温度升高时，土壤微生物是否保持呼吸的初始增加，或者随着时间的流逝，它们是否以与温度敏感性较低的酶的产生相一致的方式降低呼吸。为了量化土壤微生物，这个3年的项目将使用DNA测序和脂肪酸分析方法。为了确定呼吸速率，将使用气体分析技术测量二氧化碳的产生。为了产生与微生物暴露的温度差异，在冬季和夏季，从北极到热带地区的梯度将收集土壤，并在不同温度下在实验室中孵化，这将很重要。它们将很重要。它们将有助于改善土壤微生物反应的预测，并改善土壤微生物反应的预测，并影响到未来的气候变化，对策略进行构成的策略，以使策略构成构成构成的影响，以使策略构成锻炼，以使策略构成锻炼，以累积象征，使得构成象征的象征，使得构成象征的策略，使得构成象征的效果。生态系统。从基础科学的角度来看，它将帮助科学家确定微生物细胞内部的反应是否可以改变影响气候系统的生态系统过程。 从教育和培训的角度来看，该项目巩固了美国学校三位助理教授之间的合作，教授将通过向本科生进行独立研究的建议，培训下一代美国科学家。此外，博士生将通过跨学科研讨会进行培训，该研讨会整合了微生物学和生态系统科学。由于微生物是推动生命依赖生物地球化学过程的发动机，因此这种整合对于帮助指导地球的可持续管理非常重要。