Public engagement in networked virtual organizations and its effects on discovery and innovation

这项研究项目问：公众参与协作科学和工程项目如何影响发现和创新的过程？结合社会学、信息学、人类学和公共政策的方法和工具，我们将提供具体的模型和详细的案例研究，分析组织与有组织的公众成员的参与对新的网络化虚拟组织性质的影响，涉及三个变化领域：结构、结果和治理。这些模型、概念和分析模式将被构建成跨学科以及正在研究的科学和工程领域可以理解的。为了建立这些模型和概念，我们将分析学术和流行文献中的现有案例，并创建示范案例的深入研究，展示它们是如何工作的，以及它们面临的斗争。我们的结果将对我们如何衡量、报告和奖励创新产生影响；我们如何设计政策和分配资源以鼓励公众参与；以及我们如何建设基础设施，将专业科学家的工作与其他与科学和工程相关的个人的工作整合在一起。

This research project asks: How does public engagement in collaborative science and engineering projects affect the process of discovery and innovation? Combining approaches and tools from sociology, information studies, anthropology and public policy, we will provide both concrete models and detailed case studies that analyze the effects of organizations' involvement with members of the organized public on the nature of new networked virtual organizations with respect to three domains of variation: structure, outcomes and governance. The models, concepts and modes of analysis will be constructed to be understandable across disciplines, as well as in the scientific and engineering domains under study.To build these models and concepts, we will analyze existing cases in the scholarly and popular literature and create in-depth studies of exemplary cases showing how they work and the struggles they face. Our results will have implications for how we measure, report and reward innovation; how we design policy and distribute resources that encourage public participation; and how we build infrastructures that integrate the work of professional scientists with that of other individuals who have a stake in science and engineering.