The role of immediate prior experience in auditory stream segregation

先前的经验在听觉流分离中的作用

• 批准号: 1026023
• 负责人: Joel Snyder
• 金额: $ 20.13万
• 依托单位: University of Nevada Las Vegas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1026023&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: role; immediate; prior; experience; auditory

Human and non-human animals alike rely on a set of abilities that allow them to segregate sounds of interest from noisy background sounds, for example, when we listen to someone talking on a crowded, noisy bus. These abilities, collectively called 'auditory scene analysis,' have been the focus of several decades of laboratory research. However, recent research has pointed out the need for more empirical and theoretical work to explain the diversity of phenomena that occurs during sound segregation. Joel Snyder from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, focuses on context effects because they show promise for significantly advancing our theoretical understanding of the mechanisms and levels of processing necessary to explain auditory scene analysis. Key issues to be addressed include 1) What features of sound patterns influence context effects? 2) Are sensory or decision levels of processing best suited to explain context effects? 3) Do attention or awareness influence context effects?The findings from this project may have technical and health applications such as prosthetic design of hearing aids, speech and music recognition devices, and amelioration of auditory impairments that occur in normal hearing, hearing impairments, developmental disorders, and schizophrenia.

人类和非人类动物都依赖于一套能力，使它们能够从嘈杂的背景声音中分离出感兴趣的声音，例如，当我们在拥挤嘈杂的公共汽车上听某人说话时。这些能力统称为“听觉场景分析”，几十年来一直是实验室研究的重点。然而，最近的研究指出，需要更多的实证和理论工作来解释声音隔离过程中发生的现象的多样性。来自拉斯维加斯内华达大学的乔尔·斯奈德（Joel Snyder）专注于语境效应，因为它们有望显著推进我们对解释听觉场景分析所必需的处理机制和水平的理论理解。需要解决的关键问题包括：1)声音模式的哪些特征会影响上下文效果？2)感官或决策水平的处理最适合解释环境效应？3)注意或意识会影响情境效应吗？该项目的研究成果可能具有技术和健康方面的应用，如助听器的假肢设计、语音和音乐识别设备，以及改善正常听力、听力障碍、发育障碍和精神分裂症患者的听觉障碍。