RAPID: Larval Abundance, Behavior and Dispersal at Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vents in the Southern Mariana Trough

RAPID：南马里亚纳海槽深海热液喷口的幼虫丰度、行为和扩散

• 批准号: 1028862
• 负责人: Stace Beaulieu
• 金额: $ 16.2万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-15 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1028862&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Larval; Abundance; Behavior; Dispersal

RAPID: Larval abundance, behavior, and dispersal at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the southern Mariana TroughSummary: Since the discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents over thirty years ago, scientists have been perplexed by the question: How are these vent sites colonized and, more specifically, How are the faunal populations established and maintained at these very discrete and often ephemeral habitats. For animals that are sessile or have limited mobility as adults, dispersal to these habitats occurs early in the life cycle, as planktonic larvae in the water column. Due to the difficulties in sampling deep-sea larvae, including low abundances (dilute concentrations), we have very few quantitative estimates of larval dispersal between or larval supply to hydrothermal vents. We also have little to no knowledge of the behavior of vent larvae. The PIs will use large-volume plankton pumps to collect larvae near vents in the southern Mariana Trough in a collaborative effort to quantify larval abundance, behavior, and dispersal in this little-studied region. The collaboration combines the PI's strengths in the collection and morphological identification of larvae and quantifying and modeling dispersal between deep-sea vents, and those of Japanese partners in rearing larvae of hydrothermal vent fauna, molecular genetic identification of larvae, and population genetics of vent fauna.Intellectual merit: The southern Mariana Trough is a very interesting region in which to study dispersal of vent-endemic fauna, due to the proximity of vents in the back-arc spreading center to vents along the Mariana Arc. These two tectonic settings create different habitat conditions and support vent communities with different species composition. Vent sites the PIs will visit, in the axis and just off-axis of the back-arc spreading center are as close as 25 km to vents on the arc, yet 600 km south of the other known vents in the back-arc. In addition to the new information on larval abundance, diversity, behavior, and dispersal that will be gained for this little-studied region of the world's ridge system, this project has direct relevance to the integration and synthesis goals of the U.S. Ridge 2000 Program. The PI's lab group has conducted previous work at the Ridge 2000 East Pacific Rise (EPR) Integrated Studies Site (ISS). They will be making a direct comparison of the larval abundance and diversity at the EPR ISS to this very different setting along the global 'baseball seam' of oceanic spreading centers. No other such comparison has been possible due to the lack of sampling effort for larvae with large-volume pumps. Also, they are proposing the first experiments with live vent larvae (to the best of our knowledge - with the exception of brachyuran megalopae at 1 atm) to estimate swimming and sinking rates that are important for adding behavioral information to models of larval dispersal.Broader Impacts: The project involves reciprocal training and cultural exchange - the PIs will learn field and laboratory research techniques from the Japanese PIs, and they will learn from the U.S. PIs. The project will also benefit the career development of a junior researcher (Beaulieu). The proposed activity broadens the participation of both U.S. and Japanese women scientists in sea-going, oceanographic research. The PIs will broadcast the cruise activities in a web log posted by the international InterRidge Program Office, and they anticipate at least three scientific publications will emerge. New species will be added to the online photographic identification guide for vent larvae and included in the second edition of the printed guide.

快速：摘要：自从30多年前发现深海热液喷口以来，科学家们一直困惑于这样一个问题：这些喷口是如何殖民的，更具体地说，动物种群是如何在这些非常离散且往往短暂的栖息地建立和维持的。对于固着动物或成年后活动能力有限的动物，在生命周期的早期就扩散到这些栖息地，如水柱中的浮游幼虫。由于深海幼体取样的困难，包括丰度低（稀释浓度），我们对热液喷口之间的幼体扩散或幼体供应的数量估计很少。我们对喷口幼虫的行为也知之甚少。PI将使用大容量浮游生物泵收集马里亚纳海槽南部喷口附近的幼虫，以共同努力量化这个研究很少的地区的幼虫丰度，行为和扩散。这项合作结合了PI在收集和形态鉴定幼虫以及对深海喷口之间的扩散进行量化和建模方面的优势，以及日本合作伙伴在饲养热液喷口动物群幼虫、幼虫分子遗传学鉴定和喷口动物群种群遗传学方面的优势。马里亚纳海槽南部是一个非常有趣的区域，研究喷口特有动物群的扩散，由于喷口在弧后扩张中心附近的沿着马里亚纳弧喷口。这两种构造环境创造了不同的生境条件，并支持物种组成不同的喷口群落。PI将访问的喷口地点，在弧后扩张中心的轴上和离轴处，距离弧上的喷口近25公里，但距离弧后其他已知喷口以南600公里。除了新的信息，幼虫的丰度，多样性，行为和扩散，将获得这个很少研究的世界的山脊系统的区域，这个项目有直接相关的整合和综合目标的美国山脊2000年计划。PI的实验室小组已经在Ridge 2000 East Pacific Rise（EPR）Integrated Studies Site（ISS）进行了先前的工作。他们将对EPR国际空间站的幼虫丰度和多样性进行直接比较，以沿着沿着全球海洋扩张中心的“棒球缝”进行非常不同的设置。没有其他这样的比较一直是可能的，由于缺乏采样的努力，幼虫与大容量泵。此外，他们还提议首次用活的喷口幼虫进行实验，（据我们所知--1个大气压下的大眼短尾纲动物除外），以估算游泳和下沉速率，这对于将行为信息添加到幼虫扩散模型中非常重要。该项目包括相互培训和文化交流-研究所将向日本的研究所学习实地和实验室研究技术，他们会向美国的私家侦探学习该项目还将有利于一名初级研究员（Beaulieu）的职业发展。拟议的活动扩大了美国和日本女科学家参与航海和海洋学研究的范围。国际大洋中脊协会将在国际大洋中脊协会方案办公室发布的网络日志中公布航行活动，他们预计至少会出现三份科学出版物。新物种将被添加到喷口幼虫在线照片识别指南中，并列入第二版印刷指南。