Doctoral Dissertation Research: Choice, Control, and Discrimination

斯坦福大学研究表明，人们将责任和道德判断赋予那些被认为在个人控制范围内的不良事件和特征。也就是说，如果我们认为人们选择了一条导致不幸生活环境的道路，例如疾病和贫困，那么我们更有可能认为他们对他们的状况负有责任，从而对他们进行评判、拒绝、厌恶和消极对待。但是，被指派的责任、道德判断和对社会结构的污名会产生什么后果？它们会影响歧视和不平等吗？虽然社会心理学家记录了与选择感知和可控性相关的负面反应，但这种反应与对那些被认为做出了这些选择的人的歧视之间的关系尚未被学者们研究过。本研究主要研究基于选择的歧视现象。这项研究预测，认为一种情况是可控的，会对那些被认为选择了这种情况的人产生歧视。合作调查者使用混合方法研究设计来研究这一假设。这项研究的第一部分是对母亲工资惩罚的量化分析，这些惩罚与认为母亲是女性的一种选择有关。第二个部分是招聘实验，使用同性恋、肥胖和为人母的例子来评估选择知觉和歧视之间的关系。第三部分是定性分析，与雇主面谈，以了解选择、责任和歧视之间的关系是如何概念化的。更广泛的影响：研究结果将有助于关于歧视的一般文献。这个项目考察了劳动力中一种基于选择的歧视，这是以前没有研究过的。这些发现可能会帮助我们理解选择和可控性的感知如何导致对那些被认为是被选择的人的歧视？母性、肥胖和同性恋。

SES-1029479Shelley CorrellTamar Kricheli-Katz Stanford UniversityResearch suggests that people assign responsibility and moral judgments to undesirable events and traits that are believed to be within the control of individuals. That is, if we perceive that people have chosen a path that has led to unfortunate life circumstances, e.g. illness and poverty, then we are more likely to view them as responsible for their condition, and thus to judge them, reject them, dislike them and treat them negatively. But what are the consequences of assigned responsibility, moral judgment and stigma for the social structure? Do they affect discrimination and inequality? While the negative reactions associated with the perceptions of choice and controllability were documented by social psychologists, the relationship between such reactions and discrimination against those who are perceived to have made these choices, has not been addressed by scholars. This research studies the phenomenon of choice- based discrimination. The study predicts that the perception of a situation as controllable generates discrimination against those who are perceived to have chosen it. The co-investigator studies this hypothesis using a mixed method research design. The first component of the research is a quantitative analysis of the motherhood wage penalties associated with the perception of motherhood as a choice women have. The second component is a hiring experiment in which the relationship between the perception of choice and discrimination is assessed, using the examples of homosexuality, obesity and motherhood. The third component is a qualitative analysis where employers are interviewed in an effort to learn about the ways in which the relationships among choice, responsibility and discrimination are conceptualized. Broader Impacts: Research findings will contribute to the general literature on discrimination. This project examines a choice-based discrimination at the labor force that has not been studied before. Findings could potentially help us to understand how perceptions of choice and controllability may lead to discrimination against those who are perceived to have ?chosen? motherhood, obesity and homosexuality.