The Continued Operation of COSMIC in Support of Operational and Research Applications for Years 2012-2015

2012-2015 年 COSMIC 持续运行以支持运营和研究应用

• 批准号: 1033112
• 负责人: William Schreiner
• 金额: $ 220万
• 依托单位: University Corporation For Atmospheric Res
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1033112&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Continued; Operation; COSMIC; Support; Operational

This project, the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC), involves research and data management activities centered around an atmospheric measurement concept called Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO), a relatively new space based active limb sounding method for measuring vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, pressure and height. The fundamental measurement is a time difference caused by bending and delay of GPS radio waves as they propagate through the Earth's charged atmosphere and then through the density gradients of the neutral atmosphere. The elegance and simplicity of the measurement is related to the GPS's purposefully chosen radio frequencies; as unaffected as possible by the intervening atmosphere as they reach the Earth's surface, making them all weather, unaffected by clouds, aerosols, etc. This renewal project builds and continues to improve on earlier work supported by NSF and its partner U.S. agencies, NOAA, Air Force, NASA and Navy, with costs shared equally by the United States and Taiwan, which operate the COSMIC satellites.Since its launch in April 2006, COSMIC has provided high quality data for science and operational use. The UCAR COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC) is currently producing between 1,000 and 1,500 Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) soundings per day. COSMIC data are now being assimilated in near real-time by most global numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers, including the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).Since its launch, the COSMIC system has produced close to 3 million high quality neutral atmospheric and ionospheric GPS RO profiles and many other valuable data products. These high resolution globally distributed data sets are being used to advance Earth system science by approximately 1,700 registered users from 55 countries, representing major U.S. and international universities, leading operational weather centers, research laboratories, and several private companies. The work being conducted includes: (i) operation and maintenance of the CDAAC for data processing, quality control, and dissemination; (ii) improvement of the quality and quantity of COSMIC data products by enhancing the GPS RO science payload firmware and CDAAC software processing algorithms; and, (iii) operation of the COSMIC Program Office to support the national and international science communities. Intellectual Merit: This project has high intellectual merit in that it operates, maintains and improves the state-of-the-art COSMIC radio occultation processing system that provides global, continuous, and all-weather observations of the atmosphere and ionosphere for research and operations. The COSMIC system is providing a gold-standard RO data set. This project will lead to cutting edge advances in system operation, GPS signal tracking, data processing, and inversion techniques to maximize its research value for the atmospheric sciences. Broader Impacts: The COSMIC data have significant impact on research and operations in the atmospheric sciences because of their quantity and quality, complete global and diurnal sampling, and their ability to penetrate deeply into the lower troposphere. The fact that the COSMIC data are of high precision and accuracy, high vertical resolution, and require no inter-satellite cross-calibration, makes them ideally suited for climate research and instrument validation. COSMIC also provides much-needed ionospheric observations for analysis and forecasting of space weather, and other ionospheric research. This project also has a significant education and outreach component. It will involve graduate and undergraduate students as well as postdoctoral fellows in scientific collaborations, and will continue to organize science workshops and support education and training activities. The COSMIC data and the processing software will continue to be made freely available to the broad university and user community. Beyond COSMIC, these activities will also have positive impacts on planning and execution of future RO missions.

该项目称为气象、电离层和气候星座观测系统，涉及围绕称为全球定位系统无线电掩星的大气测量概念开展的研究和数据管理活动，这是一种较新的天基主动临边探测方法，用于测量大气温度、水汽、压力和高度的垂直分布。 基本的测量方法是GPS无线电波在地球带电大气层中传播，然后通过中性大气层的密度梯度传播时发生弯曲和延迟而产生的时间差。 测量的优雅和简单与GPS有目的地选择的无线电频率有关;尽可能不受干扰的大气，因为他们到达地球表面，使他们所有的天气，不受云，气溶胶等。自2006年4月发射以来，COSMIC卫星为科学和实际应用提供了高质量的数据。 UCAR COSMIC数据分析和档案中心（CDAAC）目前每天产生1，000至1，500个全球定位系统（GPS）无线电掩星（RO）探测。COSMIC数据现在被包括NOAA国家环境预报中心（NCEP）在内的大多数全球数值天气预报中心近实时地同化。自推出以来，COSMIC系统已经产生了近300万个高质量的中性大气和电离层GPS RO剖面和许多其他有价值的数据产品。 这些高分辨率的全球分布式数据集被来自55个国家的约1，700名注册用户用于推进地球系统科学，这些用户代表美国和国际主要大学，领先的业务气象中心，研究实验室和几家私营公司。正在开展的工作包括：（一）操作和维护CDAAC，以进行数据处理、质量控制和传播;（二）通过增强GPS RO科学有效载荷固件和CDAAC软件处理算法，提高COSMIC数据产品的质量和数量;以及（三）运营COSMIC计划办公室，以支持国家和国际科学界。智力优势：该项目具有很高的智力价值，因为它运行、维护和改进了最先进的宇宙掩星无线电处理系统，该系统为研究和运行提供对大气层和电离层的全球、连续和全天候观测。 COSMIC系统正在提供黄金标准RO数据集。 该项目将导致系统操作，GPS信号跟踪，数据处理和反演技术的前沿进展，以最大限度地提高其对大气科学的研究价值。更广泛的影响：COSMIC数据由于其数量和质量、完整的全球和日采样以及深入到对流层低层的能力，对大气科学的研究和业务产生了重大影响。 COSMIC数据具有高精度和准确度，高垂直分辨率，并且不需要卫星间交叉校准，这使得它们非常适合气候研究和仪器验证。 COSMIC还为空间天气的分析和预报以及其他电离层研究提供急需的电离层观测。 该项目还有一个重要的教育和外联部分。 它将让研究生和本科生以及博士后研究员参与科学合作，并将继续组织科学讲习班，支持教育和培训活动。 COSMIC的数据和处理软件将继续免费提供给广大的大学和用户社区。 除COSMIC外，这些活动还将对未来RO任务的规划和执行产生积极影响。