Collaborative Research: Experimental and Computational Studies of Turbulence-Chemistry Interactions in Counter-Flow Flames as a Laboratory-Scale Benchmark for Practical Systems

智力优点：在实际燃烧装置中发展对流体动力学和化学反应的复杂相互作用的理解对于燃烧系统的发展至关重要。实现这一目标将有助于开发此类系统预测建模所需的工具。为了使模型可靠，系统验证与广泛的实验数据库是必不可少的-一个任务，实际的，不可避免地复杂，配置不适合简单的，定义良好的实验室火焰。pi提出高湍流逆流火焰（tcf）作为这类系统实验和建模的基准配置。它们具有显著的优点，例如：在高雷诺数下无需飞行员即可实现火焰稳定；紧凑，在高分辨率计算方面具有显著优势；并且具有通用性，能够访问广泛的燃烧机制，特别是那些与工业相关的。这项研究是耶鲁大学和康奈尔大学的合作，并与桑迪亚国家实验室进一步合作。将在耶鲁大学和桑迪亚大学进行一系列非预混和预混模式的tcf实验；同时，在康奈尔大学，同样的火焰将使用PDF和LES-PDF方法进行计算处理。这项研究的主要贡献将是：(i)在重要但很少探索的燃烧制度中提供tcf的定性理解和定量数据；（ii）确定和展示PDF和LES-PDF方法在不同制度下准确模拟tcf的能力，并在必要时改进子模型。（iii）提供必要的理解和数据，使tfs成为开发和测试湍流燃烧模型的有价值的基准。更广泛的影响：了解湍流燃烧对发电和推进很重要。它对环境污染和遵守监管限制也很重要。拟议的活动将提供一个高质量的数据库，包括特征明确的边界条件。这将在网络上提供给燃烧社区，以便在正在进行的国际合作框架内进一步建模，例如桑迪亚赞助的湍流非预混火焰研讨会。拟议的研究将伴随着教学和外展活动。耶鲁大学的PI为女学生、获奖研究生和高中生提供咨询。他还培训当地学校教师开发以能源为重点的K-12课程单元。他将继续进行这些活动，并将它们集成到项目中。康奈尔大学的PI在招收女性博士生和将研究成果转化为工业方面有着良好的记录。本科生将接触到简单的实验项目，如流动可视化和各种燃烧机制的现象学证据。

Collaborative Research:1033204 Gomez1033246PopeIntellectual Merit: Developing an understanding of the complex interaction of fluid dynamics and chemical reactions in practical combustion devices is of fundamental importance for the development of combustion systems. Achieving this goal will assist in the development of the tools required for predictive modeling of such systems. For modeling to be reliable, systematic validation with an extensive experimental database is indispensable - a task for which practical, and inevitably complex, configurations are not as well suited as simple, well-defined laboratory flames. The PIs propose highly turbulent counterflow flames (TCFs) as a benchmark configuration for this type of systematic experimentation and modeling. They offer significant advantages, such as: flame stabilization without a pilot at high Reynolds numbers; compactness, with significant advantages for highly resolved computations; and versatility, with the ability to access a broad range of combustion regimes, especially those of industrial relevance. This research is collaboration between Yale and Cornell with further collaboration with Sandia National Labs. A series of experiments on TCFs, operating in both non-premixed and premixed modes, will be performed at Yale and at Sandia; simultaneously at Cornell, the same flames will be tackled computationally using the PDF and the LES-PDF methodologies. The principal contributions made by this research will be: (i) Providing qualitative understanding and quantitative data of TCFs in important but little-explored combustion regimes; (ii) Determining and demonstrating the capabilities of the PDF and LES-PDF methods to model accurately the TCFs in different regimes, and improving the sub-models as necessary. (iii) Providing the understanding and data necessary for TCFs to be a valuable benchmark for the development and testing of turbulent combustion models.Broader Impact: Understanding turbulent combustion is important for power generation and propulsion. It is also important for environmental pollution and compliance with regulatory restrictions. The proposed activity will provide a high quality database, including well characterized boundary conditions. This will be made available on the web to the combustion community for further modeling within the framework of ongoing international collaborations, such as the Sandia-sponsored Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames Workshop.The proposed research will be accompanied with teaching and outreach activities. The PI at Yale has advised female students, award winning graduate students and high school students. He has also trained local schoolteachers in the development of K-12 curricular units focused on energy. He will continue to pursue these activities and integrate them with the project. The Cornell PI has a good track record of recruiting women Ph.D. students and transferring the fruits of his research to industry. Undergraduate students will be exposed to experimentally simple projects, such as flow visualization and phenomenological evidence of various burning regimes.