Photochemical Fate of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Simulated and Natural Surface Waters

主要研究者：William Cooper提案编号：CBET-1034555机构：加州大学欧文分校标题：模拟和天然地表水中药物活性化合物的光化学命运2007年，排名前200位的命名药物和200位的仿制药的总市场价值为1710亿美元。 因此，在天然沃茨中发现药物活性化合物（药物）并不奇怪，因为它们在废水处理过程中被部分去除。 据报道，在处理后，饮用水中也有这些物质。无论是废水还是水处理系统，都没有设计用于去除痕量浓度的有机化合物。 由于其可能对人类健康和生态产生影响，即使是微量浓度，这一问题也引起了公众、科学家和工程师以及监管团体的关注。 该提案旨在更好地了解10种药物化合物的阳光诱导的直接和间接光化学，以更好地确定其环境命运。 已经获得了四种化合物的初步数据，这些数据为我们的研究方法提供了信息，并定义了实验方法。了解药物在自然沃茨中的环境归宿对最终预测环境风险至关重要。技术方法将涉及详细研究根据其销售和代表其他药物化合物的分子结构选出的10种药物化合物。 该研究项目有一个总体目标：提供对选定药物化合物的环境命运的深入了解，重点是它们在自然沃茨中的阳光诱导光化学命运。 这项研究的变革方面将是开发评估所有光化学途径的方法，这些途径解释了自然沃茨中化学品的命运，然后能够定量地将药物的损失分配给各种途径。 这一目标将通过检验两个首要假设来实现：（a）电子吸收光谱在300纳米以上的化合物会在阳光直射下发生光分解（即与太阳光谱重叠），和（B）间接光解，与光化学产生的单线态氧、羟基自由基或激发态溶解的有机物反应，将在降低这些药物在自然水体中的浓度方面发挥重要作用。该项目将扩大工程师和科学家在水中药物问题方面的知识体系。 该项目将支持一个初级研究助理，研究生和潜在的本科生通过REU补充。 这项研究将涉及两个加州州立大学校区，长滩和洛杉矶，少数民族服务机构，制定一个？管道？高素质的本科生和研究生（MS）学生到UCI。 UCI的本科生也将在夏季工作，由UCI的本科生研究机会计划资助。 这项工作还将涉及一名高中教师通过研究经验的教师（RET）补充。 如果时间表允许，在UCI接受指导的高中生将在夏季和整个学年参与这个项目。 20-30分钟的高清纪录片？水中的药物？将被生产。 然后，这可以用于公共讲座，高中和公共场所，如扶轮国际会议，并将在城市水研究中心？的网站。 还将制作一个较短的版本，用于教育机会，如怀兰基金会？的移动的学习中心。这个学习中心在美国各地旅行，最近也进入了墨西哥。 作为该项目的一部分，将制作支持“现在就创新水”的网络内容，这是一项针对K-12年级学生的竞赛，有能力发挥作用。

PI: William CooperProposal Number: CBET-1034555Institution: University of California - IrvineTitle: Photochemical Fate of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Simulated and Natural Surface WatersThe top 200 named and 200 generic drugs had a total market value of U$171 billion in2007. Therefore, it is not surprising that pharmaceutically active compounds (pharmaceuticals) are being found in natural waters due to their partial removal during wastewater treatment. They have also been reported in drinking water, after treatment. Neither wastewater nor water treatment systems were designed to remove trace concentrations of organic compounds. Because of their possible human health effects and ecological impacts, even at trace concentrations, this issue has raised concern among the public, scientists and engineers, and regulatory groups. This proposal seeks to better understand the sunlight induced, direct and indirect, photochemistry of 10 pharmaceutical compounds to better define their environmental fate. Preliminary data has been obtained for four compounds that informs our research approach and defines experimental methods. Knowledge of the environmental fate of a pharmaceuticals in natural waters is critical to eventually predicting environmental risk.The technical approach will involve studying in detail 10 pharmaceutical compounds selected on the basis of their sales and molecular structures representative of other pharmaceutical compounds. This research project has one overarching goal: To provide insight into the environmental fate of selected pharmaceutical compounds, with the emphasis on their sunlight induced photochemical fate in natural waters. The transformative aspect of this study will be developing methodologies for assessing all of the photochemical pathways that account for the fate of chemicals in natural waters, and, then be able to apportion the loss of the pharmaceuticals to the various pathways, quantitatively. This goal will be achieved through testing two overarching hypothesis: (a) direct sunlight photolysis will occur in those compounds that have electronic absorbance spectra above 300 nm (i.e. overlap with the solar spectrum), and (b) indirect photolysis, reactions with photochemically produced singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical or excited state dissolved organic matter, will play a major role in attenuating natural water concentrations of these pharmaceuticals.This project will expand the body of knowledge available to engineers and scientists involved in the issue of pharmaceuticals in water. The project will support a junior research associate, a graduate student and potentially undergraduate students through a REU Supplement. The research will involve two California State University campuses, Long Beach and Los Angeles, minority serving institutions, to develop a ?pipeline? of highly qualified undergraduate and graduate (M.S.) students to UCI. UCI undergraduate students will also work in the summer funded by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program at UCI. The work will also involve a high school teacher through a Research Experience for Teachers (RET) Supplement. High school students being mentored at UCI will be involved in this project over the summer months and through the school year if schedules permit. A 20-30 minute HD documentary on ?Pharmaceuticals in Water? will be produced. This can then be used in public lectures, high schools and public venues such as Rotary International meetings, and will be available on the Urban Water Research Center?s web site. A shorter version will also be produced to be used for educational opportunities, such as the Wyland Foundation?s Mobile Learning Center. This learning center travels around the US and recently went into Mexico, as well. Web content to support Water Innovation Now, a contest for K-12 graders, empowered to make a difference, will be produced as part of this project.