Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Salt-making, Craft, and Community at Postclassic and Early Colonial San Bartolome Salinas, Mexico

在Elizabeth M. brumfield博士的指导下，John Millhauser将对位于墨西哥盆地的San Bartolom Salinas阿兹特克村庄进行档案和考古研究，该村庄位于墨西哥城以北不到一小时车程的地方。在阿兹特克（公元1430-1521年）和早期西班牙帝国（公元1521-1650年）时期，圣巴托洛姆萨利纳斯是一个盐生产中心。米尔豪泽的研究将确定不断变化的经济和政治条件如何影响这个盐商社区，反过来，盐商的反应如何塑造他们的社区。他的研究不仅记录了社区如何抵制和适应帝国的要求，还将强调盐商的日常互动和实践，从合作到竞争，如何塑造和被村庄生活所塑造。Millhauser将记录有关社区法律和政治身份发展的档案数据。他还将在圣巴托洛姆萨利纳斯进行广泛的测绘、地面收集和挖掘，以收集有关便携式人工制品以及制盐和家庭生活的永久特征的数据。文物和建筑将提供识别村庄家庭之间财富变化和盐生产组织的手段。对制盐陶器的化学残留物、岩石学和微量元素分析将使米尔豪瑟能够确定不同家庭和不同时期的盐的生产和使用是如何变化的。从社区的角度理解过去的社会是很重要的，因为人们生活、工作和互动的社区是社会团结和变革过程的核心。该项目将通过仔细调查反映单个村庄内家庭经济相互依赖的物质文化变化，加强对社区的人类学研究。此外，该项目将通过关注日常工作如何作为社会认同和团结的来源，展示竞争与合作如何在任何社区结构中都是固有的。最后，通过结合考古和档案数据，该项目将为帝国和国家的研究做出重大贡献，这些数据将农村作为重要的社会和经济复杂性、技术创新和政治突出的场所。除了发展社会科学家感兴趣的主题外，该项目还将加强公众对科学的理解，促进物理科学和社会科学之间的跨学科研究，以及美国和墨西哥之间的国际交流与合作。合作和拓展将包括雇用和培训附近城镇托纳尼特拉的工作人员，为学校团体进行正在进行的挖掘和实验室工作的教育之旅，并在当地社区博物馆永久展示项目亮点。这种直接的社区参与对于建立对考古资源管理的地方和长期承诺至关重要。该项目将为来自墨西哥和美国的两名考古学学生提供宝贵的实地经验。最后，这项研究将在米尔豪泽的论文中达到高潮，其研究结果将以英语和西班牙语作为学术文章、专业会议报告和面向公众的讲座传播。

Under the supervision of Dr. Elizabeth M. Brumfiel, John Millhauser will conduct an archival and archaeological study of the Aztec village of San Bartolom Salinas, located in the Basin of Mexico less than an hour north Mexico City. San Bartolom Salinas was a center of salt production during the Aztec (1430-1521 A.D.) and early Spanish empires (1521-1650 A.D.). Millhauser's research will identify how changing economic and political conditions affected this community of salt makers and, in turn, how the responses of salt-makers shaped their community. More than documenting how communities resist and accommodate the demands of empires, his study will stress how the daily interactions and practices of salt-makers, from cooperation to competition, shaped and were shaped by village life. Millhauser will record archival data pertaining to the development of the community's legal and political identity. He will also conduct extensive mapping, surface collections, and excavations at San Bartolom Salinas to gather data on the portable artifacts and permanent features of salt-making and domestic life. Artifacts and architecture will provide the means to identify variation in wealth and the organization of salt production among the households of the village. Chemical residue, petrographic, and trace-element analyses of salt-making pottery will allow Millhauser to determine how the production and use of salt varied among households and over time. Understanding past societies from the perspective of the community is important because the communities in which people live, work, and interact are central to processes of social solidarity and change. This project will enhance the anthropological study of communities through the careful investigation of changes in material culture that reflect the economic interdependence of households within a single village over time. Furthermore, this project will show how competition and cooperation are both inherent in the fabric of any community by focusing on how the daily practices of work act as sources of social identity and solidarity. Finally, this project is poised to make a substantial contribution to the study of empires and states by combining archaeological and archival data that foreground rural villages as sites of significant social and economic complexity, technological innovation, and political salience.Beyond developing topics of interest to social scientists, this project will enhance public understandings of science, interdisciplinary research between the physical and social sciences, and international communication and cooperation between the United States and Mexico. Collaboration and outreach will involve employing and training crewmembers from the nearby town of Tonanitla, conducting educational tours of ongoing excavations and laboratory work for school groups, and presenting project highlights in a permanent display at a local community museum. This direct community involvement is critical to building a local and long-term commitment to the stewardship of archaeological resources. The project will provide valuable field experience for two student archaeologists from Mexico and the United States. Finally, this research will culminate in Millhauser's dissertation, the findings of which will be disseminated in English and Spanish as scholarly articles, presentations at professional meetings, and lectures geared toward the general public.