Mechanistic Linkages for the Pace of Life, Life History, and Environment in Birds

鸟类生命节奏、生活史和环境的机械联系

• 批准号: 1036914
• 负责人: Joseph Williams
• 金额: $ 55.2万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1036914&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanistic; Linkages; Pace; Life; History

Joseph B. WilliamsProposal # IOS-1036914Mechanistic linkages for the pace of life, life-history, and environment in birdsIn comparison with a similar sized mammal, birds are remarkable in that they have a higher rate of metabolism, higher body temperature, higher blood glucose levels, and higher life-time energy expenditure, all traits thought to reduce life span. Yet, birds live longer than a similar-sized mammal. This proposal investigates how the metabolic rate of birds and of their cells relates to their longevity. The authors will study underlying mechanisms for differences that they have identified in whole-animal metabolism between tropical and temperate birds, species assemblages with well-documented, distinct, life-histories including life-span. They show that tropical birds have low rates of basal and peak metabolism and that this is related to long life span and low rates of reproduction, which contrasts with temperate birds which have high rates of metabolism, high rates of reproduction, all associated with high rates of mortality. The authors use an integrated approach that focuses on identifying mechanisms at the whole-organism, cellular, and molecular levels that can account for the differences in life-histories such as longevity. The project employs phylogenetically-paired comparisons of tropical and temperate birds, which factors out phylogeny and body mass from analyses, to investigate differences in intrinsic properties of cells between tropical and temperate birds, such as their cellular metabolic rates, their resistance to oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity, and membrane lipid peroxidation. Further the investigators examine the kinds of lipids and their degree of unsaturation in cell membranes using mass spectrometry because lipid unsaturation has been related to the aging process. This investigation will train a postdoctoral fellow, and will yield insights into how cell membranes might be altered to influence life-span.

约瑟夫B。与类似大小的哺乳动物相比，鸟类具有更高的新陈代谢率、更高的体温、更高的血糖水平和更高的终生能量消耗，所有这些特征都被认为会缩短寿命。然而，鸟类比类似大小的哺乳动物寿命更长。这项提案调查了鸟类及其细胞的代谢率与寿命的关系。作者将研究他们在热带和温带鸟类之间的整个动物代谢中发现的差异的潜在机制，这些物种组合具有记录良好的，独特的生活史，包括寿命。他们表明，热带鸟类的基础代谢率和峰值代谢率较低，这与寿命长和繁殖率低有关，而温带鸟类的代谢率高，繁殖率高，所有这些都与高死亡率有关。作者使用了一种综合方法，重点是在整个生物体，细胞和分子水平上确定机制，这些机制可以解释生活史的差异，如寿命。该项目采用热带和温带鸟类的遗传配对比较，从分析中排除了繁殖和体重，以调查热带和温带鸟类之间细胞内在特性的差异，例如细胞代谢率，抗氧化应激和重金属毒性，以及膜脂质过氧化。此外，研究人员使用质谱法检查细胞膜中脂质的种类及其不饱和程度，因为脂质不饱和与衰老过程有关。这项研究将培养一名博士后研究员，并将深入了解细胞膜如何改变以影响寿命。