RAPID: Survey of Structural and Scour Damage under 2010 Chilean Earthquake and Tsunami Loads

2010年2月27日，8.8级，近海马乌莱，智利，地震和地震引发的海啸造成了广泛的破坏，在城市的结构沿着智利海岸。这次事件的现场观测可以为校准实验和数值模型以及海啸设计指南提供有价值的数据，这些模型和指南是在当前NSF支持的NEES研究资助下开发的，包括“基于性能的海啸工程”项目。通过NSF工程理事会NEES研究计划和NSF国际科学与工程办公室美洲计划的支持，该RAPID项目团队将调查受影响沿海地区的结构损坏和冲刷影响。实地调查将由来自马诺阿的夏威夷大学、密歇根大学安阿伯、普林斯顿大学、田纳西大学诺克斯维尔和斯坦福大学的8名师生组成的小组进行。与2009年11月由一些小组成员进行的萨摩亚海啸调查类似，这次智利海啸调查旨在收集和保存数据，以便（1）与数值模拟进行比较，（2）更新风险模型数据库，（3）制定改造和设计建议，（4）提高对流体、结构和沉积物相互作用动力学的理解，这对堤坝、水坝和各种海岸结构的总体设计和改造至关重要。此外，RAPID小组还将（5）对智利海啸和萨摩亚海啸的调查数据和分析结果进行比较，并将调查结果记录在会议和期刊论文中。学术价值：由于连续荷载和响应的复杂性，研究人员还没有详细研究地震和海啸联合作用的影响。所涉及的复杂性包括由于地震引起的结构响应、支撑土壤地基的潜在液化以及由于海啸上升和下降引起的流体冲击载荷，每种现象都是高度非线性的。到目前为止，几乎没有（如果有的话）现场数据可用于这种组合事件，这是预期的卡斯卡迪亚俯冲带地震和海啸在美国太平洋西北部的可能场景。 更广泛的影响：智利目前的设计准则没有关于海啸影响的规定。智利的研究人员和他们的学生将加入这个RAPID调查小组，合作开发海啸荷载建模、模拟和设计，将FEMA P646“海啸垂直疏散结构设计指南”的各个方面纳入智利的新设计指南。从这次调查中吸取的经验教训将影响到大量的科学文献，包括海啸上升高度和淹没预测;海啸对港口、码头和海军设施等沿海建筑物的影响;沉积物搬运和冲刷;基础设计;以及桥梁工程。

The February 27, 2010, magnitude 8.8, offshore Maule, Chile, earthquake and earthquake-induced tsunami caused extensive damage to structures in cities along the Chilean coast. Field observations from this event can provide valuable data for calibration of experimental and numerical models and tsunami design guidelines being developed under current NSF-supported NEES research grants including the "Performance-Based Tsunami Engineering" project. Through support from the NSF Engineering Directorate's NEES Research Program and the NSF Office of International Science and Engineering's Americas Program, this RAPID project team will survey the structural damage and scour effects of the affected coastal areas. The field survey will be conducted by an eight-member team of faculty and students from the University of Hawaii, Manoa; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Princeton University; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; and Stanford University. Similar to the Samoan tsunami survey conducted in November 2009 by some of the team members, this survey for the Chilean tsunami intends to collect and preserve data to (1) compare against numerical simulations, (2) update the database for risk models, (3) develop retrofit and design recommendations, and (4) improve the understanding of the dynamics of fluid, structure and sediment interactions, which is critical to the general design and retrofit of levees, dams, and a wide range of coastal structures. In addition, the RAPID team will (5) perform a comparison of the data and analysis results obtained from the Chilean tsunami with those from the Samoan tsunami survey and document findings in conference and journal papers.Intellectual Merit: The effects of combined earthquake and tsunami have not been examined in detail by researchers due to the complex nature of sequential loading and response. The complexities involved include structural response due to earthquake, potential liquefaction of the supporting soil foundation, and fluid impact load due to tsunami run-up and drawdown, with each of the phenomenon being highly nonlinear. To date, there is little, if any, field data available for such combined events, which are likely scenarios of the anticipated Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake and tsunami in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Broader Impacts: The current design guidelines in Chile do not have provisions for tsunami effects. Chilean researchers and their students will join this RAPID survey team to collaborate to develop tsunami load modeling, simulation and design, incorporating aspects of the FEMA P646 "Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis" into new design guidelines for Chile. The body of scientific literature that would be impacted by the lessons learned from this survey includes tsunami run-up height and inundation prediction; tsunami impact on coastal structures including harbors, docks and naval facilities; sediment transport and scour; foundation design; and bridge engineering.