Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Politics of Agricultural Practice: An Archaeobotanical Case Study from Ziyaret Tepe, Turkey

博士论文改进补助金：农业实践的政治：土耳其齐亚雷特佩的考古植物学案例研究

• 批准号: 1039150
• 负责人: Kathleen Morrison
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1039150&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Politics

Under the supervision of Dr. Kathleen Morrison, Melissa Rosenzweig will analyze botanical data gathered from archaeological excavations (led by Dr. Timothy Matney) at Ziyaret Tepe, site of the Late Assyrian garrison of Tu'han in southeastern Anatolia. Part of a network of fortresses intended to support Assyria's expansion into northern territories, Tu'han was an important provincial center for Assyrian imperialism between 900 and 600 BCE. At its zenith, the site extended 32 hectares and included upper and lower city habitations, large administrative structures, a fortified city wall, and moat. Situated upon the southern bank of the Tigris River, Ziyaret Tepe and contemporary sites in the region's river valleys are understood to have been occupied by the Late Assyrians in an effort to develop agricultural surpluses for the growing urban populations in Assyria's heartland. However, little is known about the processes by which the Assyrians intensified agriculture in this region, or how these practices affected the local environment and communities. Therefore, this project will utilize botanical artifacts to study changes in agricultural production and consumption over time at Ziyaret Tepe, in an effort to clarify the mechanics and consequences of Assyrian imperialism for this region and time period.This study will use three lines of environmental evidence to reconstruct the agricultural history of Ziyaret Tepe and its surroundings. From the site itself, macrobotanical remains of charred wood, seeds, nuts, and fruits collected by excavation will be examined in order to identify the crops grown and used over time at Ziyaret Tepe. At a broader scale, more regional and temporal depth into the environmental history of the Upper Tigris River Valley will come from trace element and pollen analyses of sediment cores extracted from a lake 10km from Ziyaret Tepe. The organic materials captured in these cores will reveal botanical signatures of human land-use practices over several thousand years, and help reconstruct a record of climate and vegetation in the region. Finally, in order to delineate the extent of land and resources utilized by inhabitants of Ziyaret Tepe, this project incorporates an internationally-coordinated landscape survey, designed to detect elements of settlement, farming, and irrigation around the ancient site. From these various sources of data, patterns in both everyday and long-term practices of agricultural production and consumption will be recovered. Because the negotiation of resources is a critical component of socio-political relations and land management, this information on agricultural strategies will help discern the impact of Assyrian agrarian control on both the people and the environment of ancient southeastern Anatolia. The proposed research will make a significant contribution toward understanding ancient political ecologies of agrarian sites under imperial government. In addition, this study is one component of a large-scale, international effort to preserve data and curated materials of the Upper Tigris River Valley prior to the construction of the Ilýsu Dam (ca. 2016), at the behest of Turkish authorities. Regular reports on the findings of this research will be made available to the Turkish Ministry of Culture, and the results of the study will be presented in Ms. Rosenzweig's Ph.D. dissertation and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Outreach and educational efforts also include public presentations on the on-going excavations, in Turkish, for the local residents of Ziyaret Tepe.

在凯瑟琳·莫里森博士的监督下，梅丽莎·罗森茨威格将分析从考古发掘中收集到的植物数据（由蒂莫西·马特尼博士领导），这是安纳托利亚东南部晚期亚述驻军图汉的遗址。作为支持亚述向北方领土扩张的堡垒网络的一部分，图汉在公元前900年至600年间是亚述帝国主义的重要省中心。在其鼎盛时期，该遗址扩展了32公顷，包括上下城市居住区，大型行政结构，坚固的城墙和护城河。位于底格里斯河南岸的Ziyaret Tepe和该地区河谷的当代遗址被认为是晚期亚述人占领的，目的是为亚述人中心地带不断增长的城市人口开发农业盈余。然而，对于亚述人在该地区加强农业的过程，以及这些做法如何影响当地环境和社区，人们知之甚少。因此，该项目将利用植物文物来研究Ziyaret Tepe随着时间的推移农业生产和消费的变化，以阐明亚述帝国主义对该地区和时期的机制和后果。本研究将使用三条环境证据线来重建Ziyaret山丘及其周边地区的农业历史。从遗址本身，通过挖掘收集的烧焦的木材、种子、坚果和水果等大型植物遗骸将被检查，以确定Ziyaret Tepe随着时间的推移种植和使用的作物。在更广泛的范围内，对底格里斯河上游流域环境历史的更深入的区域和时间深度将来自对从Ziyaret Tepe 10公里外的湖泊提取的沉积物岩心的微量元素和花粉分析。在这些岩心中捕获的有机物质将揭示几千年来人类土地利用实践的植物特征，并有助于重建该地区的气候和植被记录。最后，为了描绘Ziyaret Tepe居民使用的土地和资源的范围，该项目结合了一个国际协调的景观调查，旨在检测古代遗址周围的定居、农业和灌溉元素。从这些不同的数据来源中，将恢复农业生产和消费的日常和长期做法的模式。由于资源谈判是社会政治关系和土地管理的关键组成部分，这些关于农业战略的信息将有助于辨别亚述土地控制对古代安纳托利亚东南部人民和环境的影响。这项研究将对理解古代帝国统治时期农业遗址的政治生态做出重大贡献。此外，这项研究是在土耳其当局的要求下，在Ilýsu大坝建设之前（约2016年）保存底格里斯河上游河谷数据和整理材料的大规模国际努力的一部分。关于这项研究结果的定期报告将提供给土耳其文化部，研究结果将在Rosenzweig女士的博士论文中提出，并提交给同行评审的期刊发表。外联和教育工作还包括向Ziyaret Tepe当地居民公开介绍正在进行的挖掘工作，用土耳其语。