EAGER: Transforming Everyday Social Activity Coordination Through Mobile Outeraction-Support Systems

短信、即时消息和手机通话等人际交流渠道的主要用途之一是协调社交活动，如计划未来的面对面会议。PI创造了术语“Outteraction”，指的是人们用来管理未来互动(关于未来互动的互动)的沟通过程。然而，虽然外部行动通常主要通过移动通信进行，但现有的移动应用程序提供的外部行动支持有限或无效。这导致人们投入大量精力使用相关方之间的非结构化串行通信来协调日常活动，从而浪费了大量时间。PI认为，通过系统开发移动外部行动支持系统来改变日常社会协调的越来越多的“智能手机”的潜力受到阻碍，因为到目前为止，外部行动支持系统的建设缺乏坚实的基础。概念框架很少，对用户需求和态度的经验知识很少，系统设计的有效性还没有建立起来。因此，尽管CSCW对协调过程进行了20多年的研究，但研究人员尚未实例化一个移动的外部行动支持系统，该系统展示了对整体设计空间的系统理解，并通过补充现有的群体协调规范来提供外部行动支持。这项研究的广泛目标是，通过创新软件的实例化，为未来的工作奠定基础，这些软件体现了从日常社会协调实践中学习到的经验教训，这些工作将显著扩大我们对如何设计移动外部行动支持系统的知识。一个特别的重点将是解决人们对活动规划过程状态的共同看法的愿望(例如，知道谁可以在特定时间来参加活动)。作为研究计划的一部分，国际和平研究所将进行一系列实验室和实地研究，在这些研究中，他将探讨以下问题：行为者和资源的可达性和位置对社会活动协调和谈判过程的重要性，关于社会活动的关键组成部分的谈判/对话(其“什么”、“在哪里”、“何时”、“为什么”和“如何”)可以在多大程度上成为脚手架或要求行为者之间进行公开讨论，以及个人经常用来组织社会活动的小组互动管理(发言权)控制类型(当前的活动管理软件通常假设有一个单一的活动组织者，并提供符合这一假设的发言权控制，尽管日常经验表明，社会协调往往更加民主和特别)。每项研究都将与广泛的软件应用程序开发相关联，这些软件应用程序将通过NSF赞助的SmartCampus移动社交计算系统测试，利用和建立PI机构提供的硬件资源。广泛影响：使用计算机技术来提高人们参与感兴趣的社会活动和与他人协调的能力是增加我们的社会联系的简单方法。这一点很重要，因为置身于人脉深厚的社会环境中的个人能够更好地处理个人挫折，如财务失败和疾病，并为他人提供社会支持。因此，制定部署机动外部行动支援系统的机制，以便我们能够更有效地相互协调，对整个社会来说是重要的。

One of the primary uses of interpersonal communication channels such as texting, instant messaging and mobile phone conversations is to coordinate social activities, such as the planning of a future face-to-face meeting. The PI has coined the term "outeraction" to refer to the communicative processes used by people to manage future interactions (interactions about future interactions). Yet while outeraction is often primarily conducted through mobile communication, existing mobile applications provide limited or ineffective outeraction-support. This results in people investing a lot of effort into coordinating everyday activities using unstructured serial communication between relevant parties, thereby wasting a significant amount of time. The PI argues that the potential for the ever increasing adoption of "smart phones" to transform everyday social coordination through the systematic development of mobile outeraction-support systems is hampered, because to date outeraction-support system building has lacked a firm foundation. There are few conceptual frameworks, little empirical knowledge of user requirements and attitudes, and the efficacy of system designs has not been established. Thus, despite more than 20 years of CSCW research into coordination processes, researchers have yet to instantiate a mobile outeraction-support system that demonstrates a systematic understanding of the overall design space and provides outeraction-support by complementing existing group norms for coordination. The broad goal of this EAGER is to lay the foundation, through the instantiation of innovative software that embodies lessons learned from studies into everyday social coordination practices, for future work that will significantly expand our knowledge of how to design mobile outeraction-support systems. A particular focus will be to address people's desire for a shared view of the status of the activity planning process (e.g., knowing who can come to an event at a particular time). As part of the research plan, the PI will conduct a series of laboratory and field studies in which he will explore issues such as the importance of reachablity and locatablity of actors and resources to the social activity coordination and negotiation process, the extent to which negotiations / conversations regarding key components of a social activity (its 'what', 'where', 'when', 'why', and 'how') can be scaffolded or require open discourse between actors, and the types of group interaction management (floor) controls individuals often use to organize social activities (current event management software often assumes a single event organizer and provides floor controls that match that assumption, even though everyday experience suggests that social coordination is often far more democratic and ad hoc). Each of the studies will be associated with extensive software application development, which will exploit and build upon the hardware resources made available at the PI's institution through the NSF-sponsored SmartCampus mobile social computing system testbed.Broader Impacts: Using computer technology to improve people's ability to engage in social activities of interest and coordinate with others is a simple way to increase our social connectivity. This is important, because individuals embedded in richly connected social environments are better able to handle personal setbacks such as financial failures and illness, and to provide social support for others. Therefore, developing mechanisms for the deployment of mobile outeraction-support systems, so that we are able to more effectively coordinate with one another, is important for society as a whole.