NEESR-SD: Measuring Runup and Bed Shear Stress Using Long Stroke Wave-Makers

这个奖项是一个结果的NSF 09-524计划征求“乔治E。小布朗地震工程模拟网络（NEES）研究（NEESR）”竞赛，包括康奈尔大学。该项目将利用俄勒冈州州立大学的NEES设备场地。拟议活动的知识价值：根据2004年印度洋海啸期间的观测，显然海啸的主要波可能有各种形式：起伏的涌浪和带有主要凹陷的长波。可以肯定的是，这些领先波不是孤立波。需要为实验性海啸研究建立一个新的范例。当海啸淹没陆地时，它们往往留下广泛的沉积物。如果海啸沉积物的性质可以与海啸的流动深度、速度和波浪特征相关联，则可以通过确定沉积物的年代来估计过去海啸的发生时间和复发间隔。由于泥沙输运过程主要是由水流紊动和床面切应力驱动的，因此深入了解海啸前浪驱动的近床水流的演变，特别是床面切应力的演变规律是十分必要的。 为响应上述研究需求，我们将开展以下研究活动：-在俄勒冈州州立大学的大型波浪水槽中开发和实施新造波机的算法，以便在NEES海啸设施中模拟不同类型的海啸前导波形，包括钻孔和N波; -测量和分析平面海滩上各种海啸前导波形的爬高; - 在NEES设施中设计和安装一套新的测量海床剪切应力的仪器包; -测量和分析各种海啸主导波形下的海床剪切应力。拟议活动产生的更广泛影响： 该研究是一项长期基础研究计划的一部分，旨在将海啸流体动力学与海啸沉积物相关联。从该项目获得的实验数据将为沉积物悬浮和运输模型中的波浪破碎、底部剪切应力和水流湍流参数化提供必要的信息。因此，拟议中的研究将对建立海啸减灾计划产生更广泛的影响。 该项目将培养一名博士生，他将接受实验技术和数据分析方面的尖端培训。学生还将在数值方法方面接受严格的教育，并能够进行模型/数据比较。在科学写作和口头报告的培训将是学生的研究生教育计划的一部分。此外，学生将被鼓励参加技术会议和会议;康奈尔大学研究生院将提供部分支持，在技术会议上提交论文。PI还将参加NEES计划组织的REU计划，以便REU学生可以接触到波浪实验室的大型设施。将尽一切努力吸引代表性不足的少数民族学生参加拟议的项目。该项目的数据将通过NEES数据库存档并向公众提供。 该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。

This award is an outcome of the NSF 09-524 program solicitation "George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) Research (NEESR)" competition and includes Cornell University. This project will utilize the NEES equipment site at the Oregon State University. The Intellectual Merit of the Proposed Activities: Based on the observations during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis, it is evident that the leading tsunami waves could have various forms: undulating bores and long waves with a leading depression. It is certain that theses leading waves are not solitary waves. A new paradigm needs to be established for experimental tsunami research. As tsunamis inundated and flooded the land, they often left behind widespread sediment deposits. If the properties of tsunami deposits can be correlated with the flow depth, velocity, and wave characteristics of tsunamis, the dated deposits will allow estimates of times and recurrence intervals of past tsunamis. Since the sediment transport processes are primarily driven by the flow turbulence and bed shear stresses, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding on the evolution of near bed flows driven by the leading waves of tsunamis, in particular the bed shear stress. Responding to the research needs mentioned above, we will conduct the following research activities: -Developing and implementing algorithms for the new wave maker at the large wave flume at Oregon State University so that different types of leading tsunami wave forms, including bores and N- waves can be simulated in the NEES tsunami facilities; -Measuring and analyzing runup heights of various leading tsunami wave forms on a plane beach; -Design and install a new instrument package for measuring bed shear stress in the NEES facilities; -Measuring and analyzing bottom shear stress under various leading tsunami wave form. The Broader Impacts Resulting from the Proposed Activities: The proposed research is a part of a long term fundamental research program, aiming at correlating the tsunami hydrodynamics with the tsunami sediment deposits. The experimental data, obtained from the project, will provide the necessary information for parameterizing wave breaking, bottom shear stress and flow turbulence in the sediment suspension and transport models. Therefore, the proposed research will have a much broader impact on the establishment of tsunami hazard mitigation programs. The project will train one PhD student who will receive cutting edge training in experimental techniques and data analysis. The student will also have a rigorous education in numerical methods, and will be capable of performing model/data comparisons. Training in scientific writing and oral presentation will be a part of student's graduate education program. Furthermore, the student will be encouraged to attend technical conferences and meetings; Cornell graduate school will provide a partial support for presenting papers in technical conference. The PI's will also participate in the REU program organized by the NEES program so that REU students can be exposed to the large scale facilities at wave laboratory. Every effort will be made in attracting underrepresented minority students to participate in the proposed project. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES data repository. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).