NEESR-SD: Measuring Runup and Bed Shear Stress Using Long Stroke Wave-Makers

NEESR-SD：使用长冲程造波器测量上升和床面剪切应力

• 批准号: 1041541
• 负责人: Philip Liu
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041541&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NEESR; SD; Measuring; Runup; Bed

This award is an outcome of the NSF 09-524 program solicitation "George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) Research (NEESR)" competition and includes Cornell University. This project will utilize the NEES equipment site at the Oregon State University. The Intellectual Merit of the Proposed Activities: Based on the observations during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis, it is evident that the leading tsunami waves could have various forms: undulating bores and long waves with a leading depression. It is certain that theses leading waves are not solitary waves. A new paradigm needs to be established for experimental tsunami research. As tsunamis inundated and flooded the land, they often left behind widespread sediment deposits. If the properties of tsunami deposits can be correlated with the flow depth, velocity, and wave characteristics of tsunamis, the dated deposits will allow estimates of times and recurrence intervals of past tsunamis. Since the sediment transport processes are primarily driven by the flow turbulence and bed shear stresses, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding on the evolution of near bed flows driven by the leading waves of tsunamis, in particular the bed shear stress. Responding to the research needs mentioned above, we will conduct the following research activities: -Developing and implementing algorithms for the new wave maker at the large wave flume at Oregon State University so that different types of leading tsunami wave forms, including bores and N- waves can be simulated in the NEES tsunami facilities; -Measuring and analyzing runup heights of various leading tsunami wave forms on a plane beach; -Design and install a new instrument package for measuring bed shear stress in the NEES facilities; -Measuring and analyzing bottom shear stress under various leading tsunami wave form. The Broader Impacts Resulting from the Proposed Activities: The proposed research is a part of a long term fundamental research program, aiming at correlating the tsunami hydrodynamics with the tsunami sediment deposits. The experimental data, obtained from the project, will provide the necessary information for parameterizing wave breaking, bottom shear stress and flow turbulence in the sediment suspension and transport models. Therefore, the proposed research will have a much broader impact on the establishment of tsunami hazard mitigation programs. The project will train one PhD student who will receive cutting edge training in experimental techniques and data analysis. The student will also have a rigorous education in numerical methods, and will be capable of performing model/data comparisons. Training in scientific writing and oral presentation will be a part of student's graduate education program. Furthermore, the student will be encouraged to attend technical conferences and meetings; Cornell graduate school will provide a partial support for presenting papers in technical conference. The PI's will also participate in the REU program organized by the NEES program so that REU students can be exposed to the large scale facilities at wave laboratory. Every effort will be made in attracting underrepresented minority students to participate in the proposed project. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES data repository. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).

该奖项是NSF 09-524项目征集“小乔治·E·布朗地震工程模拟(NEES)研究网络(NEESR)”竞赛的结果，其中包括康奈尔大学。该项目将利用俄勒冈州立大学的NEES设备场地。拟议活动的学术价值：根据2004年印度洋海啸期间的观察，很明显，主要的海啸波可能有各种形式：起伏的钻孔和具有主要凹陷的长波。可以肯定的是，这些引导波不是孤立波。需要为实验性海啸研究建立一个新的范式。当海啸淹没土地时，往往会留下广泛的沉积物。如果海啸沉积物的性质可以与海啸的水流深度、速度和波浪特征相关联，那么测年的沉积物将可以估计过去海啸的时间和复发间隔。由于泥沙输运过程主要是由水流湍流和床面剪切力驱动的，因此有必要深入了解海啸前波驱动的近床面水流的演变，特别是床面剪切力。针对上述研究需要，我们将开展以下研究活动：--在俄勒冈州立大学的大型波浪水槽开发和实施新的造波机算法，以便可以在NEES海啸设施中模拟不同类型的领先海啸波，包括钻孔和N波；-测量和分析平面海滩上各种主要海啸波的上升高度；-设计和安装新的仪器包，用于测量NEES设施中的床面剪切力；-测量和分析各种主要海啸波形式下的海底剪应力。拟议活动产生的更广泛的影响：拟议的研究是长期基础研究计划的一部分，旨在将海啸水动力与海啸沉积物相关联。实验数据将为泥沙悬浮和输运模型中的波浪破碎、底部剪应力和水流湍流的参数化提供必要的信息。因此，拟议的研究将对建立海啸减灾计划产生更广泛的影响。该项目将培训一名博士生，他们将接受实验技术和数据分析方面的尖端培训。学生还将接受严格的数值方法教育，并将能够进行模型/数据比较。科学写作和口头陈述的培训将是学生研究生教育计划的一部分。此外，学生将被鼓励参加技术会议和会议；康奈尔研究生院将为在技术会议上提交论文提供部分支持。PI还将参加由NEES计划组织的REU计划，使REU学生能够接触到WAVE实验室的大型设施。将尽一切努力吸引代表性不足的少数族裔学生参与拟议的项目。该项目的数据将被存档，并通过NEES数据库向公众提供。该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划(NEHRP)的一部分。