RAPID Proposal to Conduct a Comparative Study of Community Impacts of the 2010 BP Oil Spill

RAPID 提案对 2010 年 BP 漏油事件的社区影响进行比较研究

• 批准号: 1042926
• 负责人: Duane Gill
• 金额: $ 3.79万
• 依托单位: Oklahoma State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1042926&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Proposal; Conduct; Comparative; Study

On April 20, 2010 the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig owned by Transocean Ltd. and contracted to British Petroleum (BP) exploded and started burning in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Located 50 miles off-shore, the rig sank leaving a breached wellhead gushing an estimated 20,000 barrels of oil per day. Initial attempts to stop the spill have been unsuccessful and experts estimate it could take up to three months or more to stop the flow of crude oil. The spill threatens several "at-risk" industries along the Northern Gulf including commercial and recreational fishing, tourism, and other enterprises tied to natural resources. Initial social impacts are already unfolding and are likely to continue and evolve over time. This RAPID research project will focus on how the BP oil spill affects renewable resource communities and groups. This unfolding disaster draws comparisons to the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) in terms of ecological, cultural, social, and economic damage and disruption, as well as potential long-term impacts. Over the past 21 years, this research team has documented human impacts of the EVOS with a focus on the community of Cordova, AK and this project builds upon and extends this research to the current BP spill. The overarching goal of the study is to capture highly perishable, time sensitive data regarding ways in which stakeholders in renewable resource communities along the northern Gulf of Mexico are reacting to this oil spill disaster. Specifically, the research team will focus thier data gathering activities on the community of Bayou La Batre, Alabama in order to make social scientific comparisons to Cordova. The research team will collect qualitative and quantitative data on how the disaster impacts not only the ecology of the region but the social and cultural systems of the residents. They will draw on research designs and instruments used in their previous EVOS studies to develop and conduct structured face-to-face interviews with purposive sample of individuals from key stakeholder groups and self-administered surveys to a random sample of community households. Primary data will be collected at two points in time with interviews occurring first, followed by the survey. They will begin by initiating a community case study of Bayou La Batre. This research will not only assist the research team in assessing the wider application of the theories and methodologies they have developed over the last 20 years researching the social, cultural, and psychological impacts of the EVOS, but has the potential to inform policy makers about effects outside of environmental and economic that can have a major impact on local community sustainability.

2010年4月20日，由越洋有限公司拥有并承包给英国石油公司（BP）的深水地平线钻井平台在墨西哥湾北方发生爆炸并开始燃烧。钻井平台位于离岸50英里处，沉没后，一个破裂的井口每天喷出约2万桶石油。最初阻止原油泄漏的努力没有成功，专家估计可能需要三个月或更长时间才能阻止原油泄漏。泄漏威胁到北方海湾沿着的几个“危险”行业，包括商业和娱乐渔业、旅游业以及其他与自然资源有关的企业。初步的社会影响已经显现，并可能随着时间的推移而继续和发展。这个快速研究项目将重点关注BP石油泄漏如何影响可再生资源社区和团体。这场正在发生的灾难在生态、文化、社会和经济破坏和破坏以及潜在的长期影响方面与1989年埃克森巴尔德斯石油泄漏（EVOS）进行了比较。在过去的21年里，该研究团队记录了EVOS对人类的影响，重点是AK州科尔多瓦社区，该项目建立在目前BP泄漏的基础上，并将该研究扩展到目前的BP泄漏。这项研究的首要目标是捕捉高度易腐，时间敏感的数据，在可再生资源社区的利益相关者沿着墨西哥湾北方的反应，这场石油泄漏灾难的方式。具体来说，研究小组将把他们的数据收集活动集中在亚拉巴马的Bayou La Batre社区，以便与科尔多瓦进行社会科学比较。 研究小组将收集定性和定量数据，以了解灾害如何不仅影响该地区的生态，而且影响居民的社会和文化系统。他们将借鉴以往EVOS研究中使用的研究设计和工具，开发和进行结构化的面对面访谈，从主要利益相关者群体中抽取有目的的个人样本，并对社区家庭进行随机抽样的自我管理调查。主要数据将在两个时间点收集，首先进行访谈，然后进行调查。他们将开始对拉巴特湾进行社区个案研究。这项研究不仅将帮助研究团队评估他们在过去20年中开发的研究EVOS的社会、文化和心理影响的理论和方法的更广泛应用，而且有可能为政策制定者提供有关环境和经济之外的影响的信息，这些影响可能对当地社区的可持续发展产生重大影响。