RAPID: Environmental and Social Impacts of the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull Eruption

该项目将利用2010年埃亚菲亚德拉火山喷发（Ey 2010）提供的千载难逢的机会，在地质记录中创建一个新的火山灰层形成模型，并评估火山灰的下落。的社会和环境影响。这可能会改变我们对火山灰层中保存的环境数据的理解，完善我们对过去火山爆发的了解，并提高我们对火山爆发对社会和景观影响的理解。为了实现这一目标，这个项目必须迅速聚集一个合适的跨国公司。（美国-冰岛-英国）跨学科研究团队，举办一个研讨会，在学术界和当地社区之间建立适当和有意义的合作，并建立一个严格的采样协议，可以在未来3- 2010年Ey火山爆发提供了一个难得的机会，可以更多地了解与火山灰降落有关的变化阈值;在什么情况下会出现与植被、地貌和土地使用变化有关的临界点？天气、植被、地形、土地利用如何影响火山灰层的变化？积雪的沉积作用是什么？什么时候火山灰层保持不变，获得或失去质量？是什么决定了火山灰稳定和重新分布的时间？如果能更好地理解火山灰层转变的方式，那么这可以实现四个重要目标：1）我们将能够更多地了解火山灰降落的景观的性质，2）沉积后的环境过程对它起作用; 3）我们将能够更好地了解最初火山灰降落的性质，能够更好地重建最初的火山爆发。在2010年火山爆发后，可以详细跟踪发生的社会和环境影响，并有可能讨论正在发生的事件及其后果与受影响的社区。火山灰如何影响植被、水质和排水？对牲畜有什么影响？火山灰如何影响放牧、土壤侵蚀和土壤肥力？火山灰在哪里被清除，这是怎么做到的？火山爆发还造成了哪些其他影响（消极和积极的），这对农业和其他农村活动的可行性有何影响？

This project will use the once-in-a-generation opportunity provided by the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull (Ey 2010) to create a new model of volcanic ash layer formation within the geological record, and evaluate the ash-fall?s social and environmental impact. This could potentially transform our understanding of the environmental data preserved within volcanic ash layers, refine our knowledge of past eruptions and enhance our understanding of their impacts on society and landscape. In order to achieve this goal this project it is necessary to rapidly gather a suitable multinational (US-Icelandic-UK) interdisciplinary team of researchers, hold a workshop to establish appropriate and meaningful collaborations between both the academic and local community and establish a rigorous sampling protocol that can be carried out over the next 3-5 years.The Ey 2010 eruption presents a unusual opportunity to understand more about thresholds of change related to volcanic ash-fall; under what circumstances do tipping points occur in relation to vegetation, geomorphology and land-use change? How does weather, vegetation, topography, land use affect the transformation of the ash layer? What is the effect of deposition over snow? When do volcanic ash layers remain the same, acquire or lose mass? What governs the timing of ash stabilisation and redistribution across landscape? If the ways in which volcanic ash layers become transformed are better understood then this could achieve four important goals: 1) we will be able to know more about the nature of the landscape onto which the ash fell and 2) the post depositional environmental processes operating on it; 3) we will be able to have a better idea of the nature of the initial ash fall and so 4) be able to better reconstruct the initial eruption.In the aftermath of the 2010 eruption the social and environmental impacts can be tracked in detail as they happen and it will be possible to discuss unfolding events and their consequences with the affected community. How does volcanic ash affect vegetation, water quality and drainage? What are the impacts on livestock? How does the ash-fall affect grazing, soil erosion and soil fertility? Where the ash was cleared, how was this done? What other impacts (negative and positive) has the eruption caused and how does this affect the viability of farming and other rural activities?