RAPID Collaborative Proposal: Spatially-explicit, High-resolution Mapping and Modeling to Quantify Hypoxia and Oil Effects on the Living Resources of the Northern Gulf of Mexico

2010年4月22日，“深水地平线”钻井平台沉入墨西哥湾北部近1200米深的水中。从这一天起，各种估计的石油和添加的化学分散剂已经从现场释放出来，在表面和深处都有分散。这些石油和分散剂的运输受到大陆架上的风力流和环流及其近海衍生物的影响。到目前为止，“地平线”漏油的确切数量和移动路径仍是猜测。自2003年以来，在NOAA-CSCOR的资助下，这组研究人员在墨西哥湾北部进行了5次夏季巡航，使用高分辨率采样来定义物理结构与远洋浮游动物和鱼类分布之间的空间明确关系。因此，这个小组拥有最全面的天气数据集，包括墨西哥湾北部漏油前的温度、盐度、氧气、浮游植物、浮游动物和鱼类。目前的RAPID项目将允许该小组在墨西哥湾北部重复他们对水文、氧气、浮游生物和鱼类的高分辨率测绘。关注的范围将包括密西西比三角洲西部缺氧区的先前调查区域，以及密西西比东部地区，在那里有更多的石油从泄漏中运输出来。这次巡航将在夏末进行，因为调查人员有5年的基线时间。这一季节期间的数据对比结果。物种多样性和丰度、生物量大小谱、鱼类饮食、鱼类生长速率潜力和生态系统模型的测量对于评估石油泄漏对墨西哥湾北部生物资源的可能影响都非常有用。除了在内部到中部大陆架进行快速测绘巡航外，该小组还将派遣科学家乘坐ORV Oceanus进行高分辨率垂直浮游动物测量（LOPC和TAPS）和在更深的站点进行monness浮游动物拖曳和更广泛的测绘调查，以扩大我们对受影响地区的空间覆盖范围。他们将与其他调查人员协调我们的浮游动物和鱼类测量，评估BP石油泄漏的生物地球化学和生物影响。以前NOAA的数据以及当前的测量数据和模型产品将存储在BCODMO数据管理设施中。更广泛的影响。考虑到墨西哥湾商业渔业的经济重要性（约占美国总登陆量的20%，约占9.91亿美元）和休闲渔业（约占全国收入的30%）。美国的咸水捕鱼支出和支持近25%的国家？因此，有必要对英国石油公司漏油事件对远洋生态系统的影响进行评估。角点实验室和俄勒冈州立大学是国家科学基金会的一部分。海洋科学卓越教育中心（NSF-COSEE）和本科生体验（REU）项目。在可能的情况下，在NSF快速响应拨款中，我们将让REU的本科生和教师参与我们拟议的研究计划。

On April 22, 2010, the drill platform Deepwater Horizon sank in nearly 1,200 m of water in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Since this date various estimates of oil and added chemical dispersants have been released from the site with dispersion both at the surface and at depth. The transport of this oil and dispersants has been influenced by wind-driven currents over the shelf and by the Loop Current and its derivatives offshore. To date the exact amount and paths of movement of the Horizon spill remain speculative. Since 2003, with NOAA-CSCOR funding, this group of investigators has conducted 5 summer cruises in the northern Gulf of Mexico that used high-resolution sampling to define the spatially explicit relationships between physical structure to pelagic zooplankton and fish distributions. Thus this group has one of the most comprehensive, synoptic data sets on temperature, salinity, oxygen, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico for conditions prior to the oil leak.The current RAPID award will allow this group to repeat their high-resolution mapping of hydrography, oxygen, plankton and fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The domain of interest will include the previous survey region in the hypoxic zone west of the Mississippi Delta but also the area east of the Mississippi where more oil transport from the spill has been suggested. The cruise will take place in the late summer period because the investigators have 5 years of ?baseline? data during this season to compare the results. The measures of species diversity and abundance, biomass size spectrum, fish diets, fish growth rate potential and ecosystem models will all be extremely useful to assess the possible effects of the oil spill on the living resources of the northern Gulf of Mexico. In addition to the rapid mapping cruise on the inner to mid-shelf, this group also will send scientists on the ORV Oceanus to conduct high resolution vertical zooplankton measurements (LOPC and TAPS) and MOCNESS zooplankton tows at deeper stations and broader mapping surveys to extend our spatial coverage of the affected area. They will coordinate our zooplankton and fish measurements with other investigators assessing the biogeochemical and biological impacts of the BP oil spill. Data from previous NOAA will be deposited in the BCODMO data management facility as well as current measurements and model products.Broader Impacts. Given the economic importance of the Gulf of Mexico commercial fisheries (about 20% of the U.S. total landings representing about $991 million) and recreational fishing (generating ~30% of the nation?s saltwater fishing expenditures and supporting nearly 25% of the nation?s recreational saltwater jobs), it is imperative that knowledge of the effects of the BP oil spill on the pelagic ecosystem be assessed. The Horn Point Laboratory and Oregon State University are part of the National Science Foundation ? Center for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (NSF-COSEE) and Experience for Undergraduates (REU) programs. Where possible in this NSF RAPID response grant, we will involve REU undergraduate students and teachers in our proposed research program.