RAPID Collaborative Proposal: Spatially-explicit, High-resolution Mapping and Modeling to Quantify Hypoxia and Oil Effects on the Living Resources of the Northern Gulf of Mexico

RAPID 合作提案：空间明确的高分辨率测绘和建模，以量化缺氧和石油对墨西哥湾北部生物资源的影响

• 批准号: 1043248
• 负责人: Michael Roman
• 金额: $ 10.8万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1043248&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Proposal; Spatially; explicit

On April 22, 2010, the drill platform Deepwater Horizon sank in nearly 1,200 m of water in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Since this date various estimates of oil and added chemical dispersants have been released from the site with dispersion both at the surface and at depth. The transport of this oil and dispersants has been influenced by wind-driven currents over the shelf and by the Loop Current and its derivatives offshore. To date the exact amount and paths of movement of the Horizon spill remain speculative. Since 2003, with funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, this group of investigators has conducted 5 summer cruises in the northern Gulf of Mexico using high-resolution sampling to define the spatially explicit relationships the physical environment and pelagic zooplankton and fish. Thus, this research group has one of the most comprehensive, synoptic data sets on temperature, salinity, oxygen, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico for conditions prior to the oil leak.The current RAPID award will allow this group to repeat their high-resolution mapping of hydrography, oxygen, plankton and fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The study will cover the previous survey region in the hypoxic zone west of the Mississippi Delta and the area east of the Mississippi where more oil transport from the spill is expected. The cruise will take place in the late summer period because the investigators have 5 years of baseline data during this season to compare the results. The measures of species diversity and abundance, biomass size spectrum, fish diets, fish growth rate potential and the results produced from their use of ecosystem models will be extremely useful to assess the possible effects of the oil spill on the living resources of the northern Gulf of Mexico. This group also will send scientists on the ORV Oceanus to conduct high resolution vertical zooplankton measurements and MOCNESS zooplankton tows at deeper stations and broader mapping surveys to extend our spatial coverage of the affected area. They will coordinate our zooplankton and fish measurements with other investigators assessing the biogeochemical and biological impacts of the BP oil spill. Data from previous NOAA studies will be deposited in the NSF Biological NSF Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management facility. Broader Impacts. Given the economic importance of the Gulf of Mexico commercial fisheries (about 20% of the U.S. total landings representing about $991 million) and recreational fishing (generating ~30% of the nation's saltwater fishing expenditures and supporting nearly 25% of the nation's recreational saltwater jobs), it is imperative that knowledge of the effects of the BP oil spill on the pelagic ecosystem be assessed. The Horn Point Laboratory and Oregon State University are part of the National Science Foundation Center for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (NSF-COSEE) and Experience for Undergraduates (REU) programs. Where possible in this NSF RAPID response grant, we will involve REU undergraduate students and teachers in our proposed research program.

2010年4月22日，钻井平台“深水地平线”在墨西哥湾北方沉没在近1,200米深的水中。自那时起，已从该地点释放了对石油和添加的化学分散剂的各种估计，并在表面和深处分散。这些石油和分散剂的运输受到大陆架上的风驱动海流和环流及其近海衍生物的影响。到目前为止，地平线泄漏的确切数量和移动路径仍然是推测性的。自2003年以来，在美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的资助下，这组调查人员在墨西哥湾北方进行了5次夏季巡航，使用高分辨率采样来确定物理环境与浮游动物和鱼类之间的空间明确关系。 因此，该研究小组拥有关于墨西哥湾北方在石油泄漏之前的温度、盐度、氧气、浮游植物、浮游动物和鱼类的最全面的天气数据集，目前的RAPID奖将使该小组能够重复他们在墨西哥湾北方的水文、氧气、浮游生物和鱼类的高分辨率绘图。这项研究将涵盖密西西比三角洲以西缺氧区和密西西比以东地区的先前调查区域，预计这些地区将有更多的石油从泄漏中运输出来。巡航将在夏末进行，因为调查人员在这个季节有5年的基线数据来比较结果。物种多样性和丰度、生物量大小谱、鱼类饮食、鱼类生长率潜力的衡量标准以及利用生态系统模型得出的结果，对于评估漏油对墨西哥湾北方生物资源可能造成的影响极为有用。 该小组还将派遣ORV Oceanus上的科学家进行高分辨率垂直浮游动物测量，并在更深的站点进行MOCNESS浮游动物拖曳和更广泛的测绘调查，以扩大我们对受影响地区的空间覆盖范围。他们将协调我们的浮游动物和鱼类测量与其他调查人员评估BP石油泄漏的地球化学和生物影响。以前的NOAA研究数据将存放在NSF生物和化学海洋学数据管理设施。更广泛的影响。考虑到墨西哥湾商业渔业（约占美国总上岸量的20%，约9.91亿美元）和休闲渔业（约占全国咸水捕捞支出的30%，支持全国近25%的休闲咸水就业机会）的经济重要性，必须评估BP石油泄漏对远洋生态系统的影响。霍恩角实验室和俄勒冈州州立大学是国家科学基金会海洋科学教育卓越中心（NSF-COSEE）和本科生经验（REU）计划的一部分。在这个NSF快速反应补助金可能的情况下，我们将涉及REU本科学生和教师在我们提出的研究计划。