COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: INVESTIGATING HYDROLOGY-DRIVEN MODELS FOR METHANE CYCLING IN NORTHERN PEATLANDS

合作研究：研究北部泥炭地水文驱动的甲烷循环模型

• 批准号: 1045084
• 负责人: Lee Slater
• 金额: $ 30.99万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University Newark
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1045084&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; INVESTIGATING; HYDROLOGY; DRIVEN

Project AbstractA major contributor to the current uncertainty regarding how carbon cycling in peatlands will respond to climate warming is the incomplete understanding of the production, storage and emission of free phase gas (FPG), a previously under-appreciated source of methane and carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. It is increasingly clear that FPG production, storage and emission are regulated by hydraulic forcing, as well as the mechanical properties of the peat, i.e. that the carbon and water cycles in a peatland are intimately connected. The focus of this project is field-scale hydrological and hydrogeophysical research to further investigate the importance of recently invoked "shallow" versus "deep" peat models for the production, storage and emission of FPG in northern peatlands. Specific objectives of the project include [1] quantifying vertical variations in storage and release of methane with depth over a minimum six month time period at each of three locations within a peatland, [2] determining the hydrological forcing mechanisms that drive releases from both deep and shallow gas, [3] estimating spatial variations in storage and release as a function of subsurface heterogeneity, and [4] quantifying relative contributions of shallow versus deep gas to methane emissions from a northern peatland. This research will be conducted by coupling hydrogeological methods with novel chamber, geophysical and geodetic sensing technologies sensitive to FPG production, storage and emissions. The field site is Caribou Bog, a well-studied multi-unit peatland complex in central Maine. Empirical predictive models and simple mechanistic models will be developed to assess the relative importance of key forcing mechanisms on FPG emissions. Time-frequency analysis of time-series datasets will also be employed to improve understanding of likely forcing components regulating production, storage and release of FPG. This research will significantly advance our understanding of hydrological controls on FPG dynamics in northern peatlands, with important implications for the response of peatland carbon dynamics to climate change.Northern peatlands globally cover more than 350 million ha and contain about one third of the terrestrially stored carbon. The fate of this carbon in response to continued climate warming is highly uncertain. Peatlands are also a source of atmospheric methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate warming. This research will provide fundamental scientific knowledge needed to advance the understanding of the cycling of methane in peatlands, and how peatland hydrology controls the emission of methane from peatlands to the atmosphere. The work has direct societal relevance given the concerns about the environmental and economical affects of climate warming. In this project, Lois Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation undergraduate students will be exposed to a hands-on interdisciplinary research among three institutions. Furthermore, an international community of graduate students will participate in a student-focused session on methane cycling in northern peatlands at American Geophysical Union meetings. Community outreach in the vicinity of the Caribou Bog will occur via annual guided tours using the Orono Bog Boardwalk that served +30,000 visitors in 2009.

Abstracta Project是对当前关于泥炭地中碳循环如何应对气候变暖的不确定性的主要贡献是对自由相气（FPG）的生产，储存和排放（FPG）的不完全理解，这是先前未得到认可的甲烷和二氧化碳排放量的来源。越来越清楚的是，FPG的产生，存储和排放受水力强迫以及泥炭的机械性能调节，即泥炭地中的碳和水周期密切相关。该项目的重点是现场尺度的水文和水域研究，以进一步研究最近引用的“浅”与“深”泥炭模型在北泥炭地生产，储存和排放的重要性。该项目的具体目标包括[1]量化甲烷储存和释放的垂直变化，深度至少六个月，在泥炭地内的三个位置的每个位置中的每个位置中的每个位置，[2]确定从深层和浅层气体中释放出的水文强迫机制，[3]在储存和较浅的储存量中，估计了量的空间变化，以实现量的空间变化。天然气从北部泥炭地到甲烷排放。这项研究将通过将水文地质方法与新型室，地球物理和大地测量传感技术对FPG生产，存储和排放敏感的耦合进行进行。现场现场是Caribou Bog，这是缅因州中部的一个经过良好研究的多单元泥炭地。将开发经验预测模型和简单的机械模型，以评估关键强迫机制对FPG排放的相对重要性。时间序列数据集的时频分析也将用于提高对可能迫使调节FPG生产，存储和释放的组件的理解。这项研究将大大提高我们对北部泥炭地FPG动力学的水文控制的理解，对泥炭地碳动力学对气候变化的反应具有重要意义。全球北部泥炭地覆盖了超过3.5亿公顷，并包含大约三分之一的地面存储的碳。响应持续气候变暖的这种碳的命运是高度不确定的。泥炭地也是大气甲烷的来源，甲烷是一种有效的温室气体，有助于气候变暖。这项研究将提供基本的科学知识，以促进对泥炭地中甲烷循环的理解，以及泥炭地水文学如何控制甲烷从泥炭地到大气的发射。考虑到对气候变暖的环境和经济影响的担忧，这项工作具有直接的社会意义。在这个项目中，路易斯·斯托克斯（Lois Stokes）的少数群体参与本科生将接受三个机构的动手跨学科研究。此外，国际研究生的国际社会将参加美国地球物理联盟北部泥炭地的甲烷骑自行车的课程。在驯鹿沼泽附近的社区宣传将通过年度指导旅行，使用2009年为+30,000名游客提供服务的Orono Bog木板路。