RAPID: Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon crude oil spill on the diversity of macroalgae and macrocrustaceans inhabiting deepwater hard banks in the NW, NE and SE Gulf of Mexico

RAPID：深水地平线原油泄漏对墨西哥湾西北、东北和东南部深水硬岸的大型藻类和大型甲壳类动物多样性的影响

• 批准号: 1045690
• 负责人: Suzanne Fredericq
• 金额: $ 18.56万
• 依托单位: University of Louisiana at Lafayette
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1045690&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Impacts; Deepwater; Horizon; crude

This project will use two five-day-long ship-based sampling expeditions centered on previously studied hard banks in the Gulf of Mexico to assess pre- and post-oil spill impacts on the diversity, vitality, and distribution of the offshore seaweeds and macrocrustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs) living at depths of 45-90 meters. A comparison of the results of the current inventory with the inventories from previous surveys in the same region will be informative in terms of which species of benthic seaweed and crustaceans are most sensitive to oil pollution, and also allow predictions of their potential to subsequently recover from this ecological disaster.Marine algae are the principal producers of oxygen in the marine ecosystem, and their die-off may affect the entire food chain and result in the expansion of an already existing "dead zone" throughout the Gulf. Post-spill changes in the diversity, population structure, and reproductive capacity of benthic seaweeds and macrocrustaceans (and other invertebrates) are measureable when compared to a large dataset from pre-spill sampling. Detection and quantification of these effects will reflect potential impacts of the oil spill in sensitive deep bank environments. All material collected from each trip will be sorted, identified, and the associated information entered into web-accessible databases. This effort will involve both undergraduate and graduate students.

该项目将利用两次为期五天的船基取样考察，以先前研究的墨西哥湾硬岸为中心，评估漏油事件前后对生活在45-90米深处的近海海藻和大型甲壳类动物（如虾、蟹）的多样性、活力和分布的影响。将目前的清单结果与同一区域以往调查的清单结果进行比较，将有助于了解哪些底栖海藻和甲壳类物种对石油污染最敏感，并有助于预测它们随后从这一生态灾难中恢复的潜力。它们的死亡可能会影响整个食物链，并导致整个海湾地区已经存在的“死亡区”扩大。与溢油前取样的大型数据集相比，溢油后底栖海藻和大型甲壳类动物（及其他无脊椎动物）的多样性、种群结构和生殖能力的变化是可以测量的。对这些影响的检测和量化将反映漏油对敏感的深水岸环境的潜在影响。从每次旅行中收集的所有材料将被分类，识别，并将相关信息输入网络访问数据库。这项工作将涉及本科生和研究生。