A Survey of the Deep Bank Marine Macroalgae and Macrocrustaceans in the Gulf of Mexico

墨西哥湾深岸海洋大型藻类和大型甲壳类动物的调查

• 批准号: 0315995
• 负责人: Suzanne Fredericq
• 金额: $ 45.34万
• 依托单位: University of Louisiana at Lafayette
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-15 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0315995&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Survey; Deep; Bank; Marine; Macroalgae

The Gulf of Mexico constitutes one of the world's most unique and productive ocean basins, characterized by a relatively shallow but well-developed continental shelf with an extensive system of offshore hard banks which are among the least sampled habitats in US waters. These unique hard banks, in most cases located in or adjacent to areas of intensive oil and gas production and transportation or in some cases near expanding areas of anthropogenic eutrophication, harbor diverse benthic assemblages including large numbers of undescribed species. The goal of this project, to be conducted by Drs. Fredericq and Felder at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in conjunction with a network of US and Mexican collaborators, is an intensive three year program to sample macroalgae and macrocrustaceans from 45-90 m depths on deep banks in the NE Gulf (vicinity of the Florida Middle Ground), SE Gulf (vicinity of the Dry Tortugas) and SW Gulf (off Yucatan, Mexico). Data from this project will be combined with information from available NW Gulf collections to establish comprehensive biodiversity inventories as well as descriptions of anticipated numerous new species, while increasing knowledge of endemism and distribution ranges of these dominant biotic assemblages. All seaweeds, as well as crabs, shrimp, lobsters, mantis shrimp, and related crustaceans will be identified using morphological and molecular evidence. The project produces a specimen database from new and existing collections that will be web-accessible and will include taxonomic, accession and life history data along with illustrations, photographs, checklists, new species descriptions, identification keys to problematic groups, sources of available DNA extracts and references to relevant DNA sequences. In the absence of documented diversity, and because most hard banks are afforded little attention in conservation and management plans that might otherwise protect them from negative impacts of oil and gas production or impacts from adjacent areas of regional anthropogenic eutrophication, the project provides resources essential to future research and educational training of students in taxonomy, phylogenetics, population genetics, ecology and conservation of the dominant groups in the Gulf of Mexico.

墨西哥湾是世界上最独特和最具生产力的海洋盆地之一，其特点是相对较浅但发育良好的大陆架，具有广泛的离岸硬岸系统，是美国沃茨中采样最少的栖息地之一。 这些独特的硬岸，在大多数情况下，位于或邻近密集的石油和天然气生产和运输的地区，或在某些情况下，在扩大的人为富营养化地区附近，港口不同的底栖生物组合，包括大量的未描述的物种。 该项目的目标是由路易斯安那大学拉斐特分校的Fredericq博士和Felder博士与美国和墨西哥合作者网络合作进行，是一个为期三年的密集计划，在东北海湾的深水银行45-90米深处采集大型藻类和大型甲壳类动物的样本（佛罗里达中间地带附近）、东南海湾（干龟附近）和西南海湾（墨西哥尤卡坦半岛附近）。 该项目的数据将与西北海湾现有的收集信息相结合，以建立全面的生物多样性清单以及对预期的许多新物种的描述，同时增加对这些主要生物群落的特有性和分布范围的了解。所有的海藻，以及螃蟹，虾，龙虾，螳螂虾，和相关的甲壳类动物将使用形态和分子证据进行鉴定。 该项目将从新的和现有的收藏品中建立一个标本数据库，可上网查阅，其中将包括分类、加入和生活史数据，沿着插图、照片、清单、新物种说明、有问题群体的识别关键、现有DNA提取物的来源和相关DNA序列的参考资料。在缺乏记录多样性的情况下，由于大多数硬银行在保护和管理计划中很少受到关注，否则可能会保护它们免受石油和天然气生产的负面影响或邻近地区人为富营养化的影响，该项目为未来的研究和学生在分类学，生物遗传学，种群遗传学，生态和保护的优势群体在墨西哥湾。