Collaborative Research: Geochemical and isotopic time-series of marine and terrestrial degradation of petroleum in the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill

合作研究：2010 年墨西哥湾漏油事件中石油海洋和陆地降解的地球化学和同位素时间序列

• 批准号: 1046278
• 负责人: Arndt Schimmelmann
• 金额: $ 6.69万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1046278&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Geochemical; isotopic; time

The proposed research aims to document organic geochemical and isotopic changes of petroleum over time following the April 20, 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill. The objectives of this study are to document the geochemical fate of petroleum in the wake of the marine oil spill using the analytical arsenal of organic geochemistry, in particular by using mass-spectrometric identification and quantification, and isotopic characterization. These techniques record the history of chemical change of spilled oil through time, and also forensically discriminate between residual oil from the BP spill and unrelated hydrocarbon pollutants that would otherwise go undetected. As oil washes ashore and is degraded in different littoral and terrestrial environments, the PIs will characterize the residual organic compounds as a function of exposure time to test whether published models for anaerobic biodegradation of crude oils in oil reservoirs fit the recorded trends of aerobic biodegradation from each sampling site. Their compositional and isotopic data from a variety of repeatedly visited sampling sites representing ecologically different environments will evaluate possible acceleration or retardation of oil degradation that result from environmental factors. One doctoral and several undergraduate students will participate in fieldwork, subsequent sample preparations, and analyses, educating students that across boundaries of organic, stable isotope and environmental geochemistry. Results of this study will be communicated to the scientific community through publications and presentations at conferences and will serve as a public outreach project at Grand Isle State Park, LA. Their data and interpretations will be used to help construct either a display or an informational pamphlet to educate the general public and K-12 students. Knowing which coastal environments have superior geochemical self-cleaning capability will help optimize the deployment of limited resources during future cleanup efforts.

拟议的研究旨在记录2010年4月20日墨西哥湾漏油事件后石油的有机地球化学和同位素变化。这项研究的目的是利用有机地球化学的分析工具，特别是利用质谱鉴定和定量以及同位素特征，记录海洋石油泄漏后石油的地球化学归宿。这些技术记录了溢油随时间变化的化学变化历史，并在法医学上区分了英国石油公司溢油的残余油和不相关的碳氢化合物污染物，否则这些污染物将无法被检测到。随着石油被冲上岸并在不同的沿岸的和陆地环境中降解，主要研究人员将描述残留有机化合物随暴露时间的变化，以测试已公布的储油层中原油厌氧生物降解模型是否符合每个取样点记录的有氧生物降解趋势。从代表不同生态环境的各种反复访问的取样地点获得的石油成分和同位素数据将评估环境因素可能加速或延缓石油降解的情况。一名博士生和几名本科生将参加实地考察，随后的样品制备和分析，教育学生跨越有机，稳定同位素和环境地球化学的界限。本研究的结果将通过出版物和会议上的演讲传达给科学界，并将作为洛杉矶格兰德岛州立公园的公共宣传项目。他们的数据和解释将被用来帮助构建一个显示或信息小册子，以教育公众和K-12学生。了解哪些沿海环境具有上级地球化学自清洁能力将有助于在未来的清理工作中优化有限资源的部署。