Development of Organic H, C, and N Stable Isotope International Standards for NIST and IAEA: Multi-laboratory Expert Calibration in Support of GC, LC, and EA-IRMS Measurement Sci.

这个拟议的多实验室项目旨在开发迫切需要的有机氢，碳和氮同位素参考材料（RM），这些参考材料将以可靠的RM库存为国际社会服务数十年。现代半自动稳定同位素比分析（SIRA）在连续流动模式下与在线元素分析（EA），气相色谱（GC）或液相色谱（LC）连接同位素比质谱（IRMS）已成为监测气候变化，生态学研究，环境科学，化石燃料和生物燃料科学，食品科学，法医学和医学科学的常规和宝贵的工具。氢、碳和氮稳定同位素组成的精确测定需要使用具有不同同位素组成的至少两种同位素RM（也称为标准）进行校准，以（i）锚同位素标度和（ii）补偿仪器操作的差异，这通常压缩同位素标度。合适的有机稳定同位素RM的发展没有跟上分析连续流动方法的快速发展。美国传统上一直是稳定同位素RM开发的国际领导者，但美国国家标准与技术研究所（NIST，前身为NBS）现在未能充分满足科学界对稳定同位素RM的需求。因此，科学界被迫使用临时的实验室同位素RM，从而危及不同实验室之间科学结果的相互兼容性。我们的几个新的有机同位素RM将是NIST的第一个也是唯一的RM，用于现代气相色谱和液相色谱方法的H，C和N同位素校准。拟议项目的另一个结果将是推荐改进的，准确校准的氢同位素组成的所有无机和有机氢RM相对于规模定义的国际测量标准。新开发的RM将通过NIST和IAEA进行分发，也可以通过折扣渠道支持NSF资助的应用。化学和生物海洋学，生态系统和地球生物学/低温地球化学领域使用稳定同位素分析作为发现和创新的基石。他们显然将受益于有一个标准的材料来源，使来自这些社区的结果可以精确地进行比较。地球化学以外的不同领域将受益于新的稳定同位素RM，例如生物燃料能源研究，污染物和动物的法医追踪，生物学和生态学（例如，营养学研究）、医学（诊断医学疾病）、药理学（药物认证）、刑事司法（人类遗骸的地理追踪）和食品科学（食品认证）。PI一直志愿参与外联工作，例如向当地童子军教授地质学奖章。当向年轻听众或公众解释稳定同位素研究的用途时，人们对突出的法医案例以及我在印第安纳州大学实验室的RM正在被FBI、EPA、IAEA、美国和国际海关当局使用的事实总是反应热烈。这项研究的结果也将在IU十字路口地质计划，这是一个由该部门运行的事件？的研究生旨在与本科生、其他机构的毕业生以及来自行业的访问者分享研究成果。

This proposed multi-laboratory project aims to develop urgently needed organic hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen isotopic reference materials (RMs) that will serve the international community for one to several decades with reliable stocks of RMs. Modern, semi-automated stable isotope-ratio analysis (SIRA) in continuous flow mode with on-line elemental analysis (EA), gas chromatography (GC), or liquid chromatography (LC) interfaced with isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (IRMS) has become a routine and invaluable tool in monitoring of climate change, studies of ecology, environmental sciences, fossil fuel and biofuel sciences, food science, forensics, and medical sciences. Accurate determinations of hydrogen,carbon, and nitrogen stable isotopic compositions require a calibration using at least two isotopic RMs (also called standards) having different isotopic compositions to (i) anchor the isotopic scale and (ii) compensate for differences in operation of instruments, which commonly compress isotope scales. The development of suitable organic stable isotope RMs has not kept pace with the rapid development of analytical continuous flow methods. The U.S. traditionally has been an international leader in the development of stable isotopic RMs, but the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly NBS) now fails to adequately serve the stable isotopic RM needs of the scientific community. As a result, the scientific community is forced to work with temporary laboratory isotopic RMs jeopardizing the mutual compatibility of scientific results among different laboratories. Several of our new organic isotopic RMs will be the first and only RMs for NIST for H, C, and N isotopic calibration of modern gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic approaches. An additional result of the proposed project will be to recommend improved, accurately calibrated hydrogen isotopic compositions for all inorganic and organic hydrogen RMs relative to the scale-defining international measurement standards. Distribution of newly developed RMs will occur via NIST and IAEA, and also via discounted channels to support NSF-funded applications.The fields of chemical and biological oceanography, ecosystems, and Geobiology/low-temperature geochemistry use stable isotope analyses as cornerstones for discovery and innovation. They will obviously benefit from having a source of standard materials, so that the results coming from these communities can be precisely compared. Diverse fields beyond geochemistry will benefit from new stable isotopic RMs, e.g. biofuel energy research, forensic tracing of contaminants and animals, biology and ecology (e.g., trophic research), medical science (diagnosing medical disorders), pharmacology (drug authentication), criminal justice (geographic tracing of human remains), and food science (food authentication). The PI has been volunteering in outreach efforts, for example by teaching the Geology Merit Badge to local boy scouts. When the use of stable isotope research was explained to young listeners or the public, the response was always enthusiastic to prominent forensic examples and the fact that RMs from my laboratory at Indiana University are being used by the FBI, EPA, IAEA, U.S. and international customs authorities. Results of this research will also be presented at the IU Crossroad Geology Program, which is an event run by the department?s graduate students aimed at sharing research with undergraduates, graduates from other institutions, and to visitors from industry.