DDIG: Kiowa-Tanoan: A Diachronic and Synchronic Study

对Kiowa-Tanoan语系和其他语系之间的历史关系的调查，填补了美洲原住民语言文献中的一个显著空白。本论文的研究项目旨在对Kiowa-Tanoan语系进行比较历史分析，这些语系包括Kiowa、Arizona Tewa、Rio Grande Tewa、PicuríS Northern Tiwa、Taos Northern Tiwa、Southern Tiwa、Towa和已灭绝的皮罗语。该项目既提供信息，又从家庭现代语言的同步分析中获得信息。每种语言的最新语法描述为词汇和语法结构的交叉比较提供了基础。这种比较可以详细地重建假设的祖先语言(Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan)。比较的焦点集中在动词标引、数字标记、名词分类和时态/体/语气等复杂系统上。Kiowa-Tanoan语系明显的历时变化阐明了现代语言语法的许多方面。这项研究利用了迄今为止出版的所有材料，大量未出版的档案材料，其中许多材料在以前的研究中没有被利用，并与现代语言的母语人士进行了新的咨询。该项目是对Kiowa-Tanoan研究的综合最先进的总结，并使语言研究人员和仍然使用这些语言的社区成员都可以获得以前难以获取的数据。这项研究提供了对美洲原住民语言学的重要见解，并打算成为一种有用的资源，供研究人员调查接触前北美的语言和人种学历史，并为语言学家和土著社区成员开发材料，以振兴和维护基奥瓦-塔诺语社区的语言，这些社区的传统语言正在消失。

The investigation into the historical relationships, both phylogenetic and areal, between Kiowa-Tanoan and other language families, fills a notable gap in the literature on Native American languages. This dissertation research project aims to produce a comparative-historical analysis of the Kiowa-Tanoan language family which includes Kiowa, Arizona Tewa, Rio Grande Tewa, Picurís Northern Tiwa, Taos Northern Tiwa, Southern Tiwa, Towa, and the extinct Piro. The project both informs and is informed by synchronic analysis of the modern languages of the family. Updated grammatical descriptions of each language provides the groundwork for the cross-comparison of vocabulary and grammatical constructions. This comparison permits a detailed reconstruction of the hypothetical ancestral language (Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan). The focus of comparison centers on the complex systems of verb indexation, number marking, noun classification, and tense/aspect/mood. Evident diachronic changes of the Kiowa-Tanoan language family elucidate numerous aspects of the grammar of the modern languages.The study takes advantage of all material published to date, extensive unpublished archival material, much of which has not been utilized in previous research, and new consultation with native speakers of the modern languages. The project serves as a comprehensive state-of-the-art summary of Kiowa-Tanoan studies and makes data, previously difficult to access, available to both linguistic researchers and community members where these languages are still spoken. This research provides important insight into Native American linguistics and intends to be a useful resource for researchers investigating the language and ethnographic history of pre-contact North America and for linguists and Native community members in the development of materials for language revitalization and maintenance in the Kiowa-Tanoan speaking communities where the heritage language is being lost.