DDIG: Kiowa-Tanoan: A Diachronic and Synchronic Study

对基奥瓦-塔诺安语和其他语系之间的历史关系的调查，包括系统发育和区域，填补了美洲土著语言文献中的一个显着空白。本论文的研究项目旨在产生一个比较历史分析的基奥瓦-塔诺安语系，其中包括基奥瓦，亚利桑那州特瓦，格兰德河特瓦，皮库里斯北方蒂瓦，陶斯北方蒂瓦，南方蒂瓦，托瓦，和灭绝的皮罗。该项目既通知，并通过家庭的现代语言的共时分析通知。每种语言的最新语法描述为词汇和语法结构的交叉比较提供了基础。这种比较允许详细重建假设的祖先语言（原始基诺瓦-塔诺安）。比较的焦点集中在动词独立性、数标记、名词分类和时态/体/语气等复杂系统上。基奥瓦-塔诺安语系的明显历时变化阐明了现代语言语法的许多方面。这项研究利用了迄今为止出版的所有材料，大量未出版的档案材料，其中大部分在以前的研究中没有被利用，以及与现代语言母语者的新咨询。该项目作为一个全面的国家的最先进的基奥瓦-塔诺安研究的总结，并使数据，以前很难访问，提供给语言研究人员和社区成员，这些语言仍然口语。这项研究提供了重要的见解美洲原住民语言学，并打算成为一个有用的资源，研究人员调查的语言和人种学历史的前接触北美和语言学家和原住民社区成员在开发材料的语言振兴和维护在基奥瓦-塔诺安讲社区的遗产语言正在丢失。

The investigation into the historical relationships, both phylogenetic and areal, between Kiowa-Tanoan and other language families, fills a notable gap in the literature on Native American languages. This dissertation research project aims to produce a comparative-historical analysis of the Kiowa-Tanoan language family which includes Kiowa, Arizona Tewa, Rio Grande Tewa, Picurís Northern Tiwa, Taos Northern Tiwa, Southern Tiwa, Towa, and the extinct Piro. The project both informs and is informed by synchronic analysis of the modern languages of the family. Updated grammatical descriptions of each language provides the groundwork for the cross-comparison of vocabulary and grammatical constructions. This comparison permits a detailed reconstruction of the hypothetical ancestral language (Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan). The focus of comparison centers on the complex systems of verb indexation, number marking, noun classification, and tense/aspect/mood. Evident diachronic changes of the Kiowa-Tanoan language family elucidate numerous aspects of the grammar of the modern languages.The study takes advantage of all material published to date, extensive unpublished archival material, much of which has not been utilized in previous research, and new consultation with native speakers of the modern languages. The project serves as a comprehensive state-of-the-art summary of Kiowa-Tanoan studies and makes data, previously difficult to access, available to both linguistic researchers and community members where these languages are still spoken. This research provides important insight into Native American linguistics and intends to be a useful resource for researchers investigating the language and ethnographic history of pre-contact North America and for linguists and Native community members in the development of materials for language revitalization and maintenance in the Kiowa-Tanoan speaking communities where the heritage language is being lost.