Doctoral Dissertation Research: Speaking Kiowa Today

博士论文研究：今天讲基奥瓦语

• 批准号: 1053173
• 负责人: Mary Linn
• 金额: $ 1.12万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-15 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1053173&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Speaking; Kiowa

Today more than 3,000 languages are endangered and are in risk of being lost forever. Except in extreme circumstances, language death does not occur overnight, but is part of a long process of obsolescence. Languages change as they are spoken less frequently, in fewer domains, and by fewer people. Despite the recognition that language undergoes structural change during obsolescence, the study of processes involved is still in its infancy. Speaking Kiowa Today constitutes a systematic, in-depth look at language change in one language over four generations.Kiowa is the only member of its branch of the Kiowa-Tanoan family. It is spoken in Oklahoma by fewer than 100, mostly elderly, speakers. The main goal of this project is to reveal which Kiowa forms are undergoing attrition, the eroding of the linguistic system due to disuse, and which are changing due to contact with English. The next step is to determine consequences these changes have on other parts of the system. The researcher will compare previously recorded data from the generation of fluent 1st language speakers recently passed with "Modern Kiowa" as spoken by fully bilingual elders today, middle-aged second language learners, and young adult learners. The project aims to provide a more comprehensive model for examining language obsolescence. Examining the relatively drastic changes that have taken place in a short time using a multi-generational approach will help pinpoint the moment of "linguistic tip," where the language moves past the point of common usage towards its decline, and will also indicate whether or not tip can be reversed. This project will describe Kiowa as it is spoken today, and in doing so it will show that Modern Kiowa is not only a system worthy of being described, but the newer forms are not "compromised" or "corrupt." It will illustrate how Modern Kiowa speakers are creatively fulfilling necessary functions within the community today and that the language is still viable and useful. Validating the modern form of the language will contribute to language revitalization within any community by restoring pride to speakers of all types, encouraging curriculum development, and supporting language use in more contexts.

今天，3000多种语言濒临灭绝，有永远消失的危险。除非在极端情况下，语言死亡不是一夜之间发生的，而是一个漫长的淘汰过程的一部分。语言的变化是因为它们不那么频繁，在更少的领域，更少的人使用。尽管人们认识到语言在过时的过程中会经历结构性的变化，但对其中涉及的过程的研究仍处于初级阶段。《今日基奥瓦语》是对一种语言在四代人中变化的系统、深入的研究。基奥瓦语是基奥瓦-塔诺语家族中唯一的成员。在俄克拉何马州，讲这种语言的人不到100人，其中大部分是老年人。这个项目的主要目标是揭示哪些Kiowa语言形式正在经历磨损，由于不使用而对语言系统的侵蚀，以及哪些由于接触英语而发生变化。下一步是确定这些变化对系统其他部分的影响。研究人员将把之前记录的流利的第一语言使用者的数据与现在完全双语的老年人、中年第二语言学习者和年轻成人学习者所说的“摩登Kiowa”进行比较。该项目旨在为检查语言过时提供一个更全面的模型。用多代人的方法考察在很短的时间内发生的相对剧烈的变化，将有助于准确地确定语言提示的时刻，也就是语言超越常用用法走向衰落的时刻，也将表明语言提示是否可以逆转。这个项目将描述今天所说的Kiowa，通过这样做，它将表明现代Kiowa不仅是一个值得描述的系统，而且较新的形式并没有“妥协”或“腐败”。它将说明说现代基奥瓦语的人今天如何创造性地履行社区内的必要职能，以及这种语言仍然可行和有用。验证语言的现代形式将有助于恢复所有类型的说话者的自豪感，鼓励课程开发，并支持在更多情况下使用语言，从而有助于在任何社区内振兴语言。