Workshop on Advocacy in Science

美国科学促进会的科学倡导项目探讨了以下问题：科学家是否应该成为与其专业领域相关的公共政策的倡导者？在什么情况下他们应该或不应该成为倡导者？什么是负责任的倡导，其对立面的属性是什么？科学协会在政策倡导中的作用是什么？有哪些机制指导科学家进行负责任的宣传？随着科学政策问题在政治和/或伦理上越来越有争议，科学家作为公共政策倡导者的作用也相应地变得越来越有争议。 科学家作为倡导者的作用是负责任地进行研究的一个组成部分，涉及科学家诚信的核心问题。 例如，如果科学家同时倡导某种政策成果，他们能否保持作为科学发现的客观报告者的作用？ 如果科学家是这种或那种立场的强烈拥护者，可能会对他们进行自己的研究的能力产生不利影响，也许是因为无意识的偏见无意中影响了他们设计和解释研究的方式？为了审查科学家作为政策倡导者的作用，美国科学促进会将召开一次邀请讲习班，审议与政策竞技场中的科学家有关的倡导的定义和界限、这种倡导的规范方面和任何现有的准则，以及对科学家和学生进行倡导教育的必要性。 讲习班的成果将包括：（1）委托编写的文件;（2）讲习班审议情况报告;（3）讲习班组织者编写的供学术和其他专业出版物发表的短文。 研讨会还将为AAAS规划一个更大的科学家倡导项目提供信息，该项目将进行实证研究，以记录和分析倡导案例，考虑和制定科学家倡导者的指导方针和最佳做法，并为科学家和学生准备关于倡导的教育资源。

The AAAS project Advocacy in Science explores the following questions: Should scientists be advocates for public policies related to their areas of expertise? What are the contexts in which they should or should not be advocates? What constitutes responsible advocacy and what are the attributes of its opposite? What is the role of scientific societies in policy advocacy? What mechanisms exist for instructing scientists in responsible advocacy?As science policy issues become increasingly politically and/or ethically contentious, the role of scientists as public policy advocates has correspondingly become more controversial. The role of scientists as advocates is an integral part of the responsible conduct of research, touching as it does on core issues of the integrity of scientists. For example, can scientists retain their role as objective reporters of scientific findings if they are simultaneously advocating for a particular policy outcome? If scientists are strong advocates for one position or another, could adversely affect their ability to conduct their own research perhaps by allowing unconscious biases to affect inadvertently the way in which they design and interpret studies? To examine the role of scientists as policy advocates, AAAS will convene an invitational workshop to consider the definition and boundaries of advocacy as it relates to scientists in the policy arena, the normative aspects of such advocacy and any existing guidelines, and the need for education on advocacy for scientists and students. Workshop products will include the following: (1) commissioned papers; (2) a report of the workshop deliberations; and (3) short papers written by workshop organizers for publication in scholarly and other professional publications. The workshop will also inform AAAS in planning a larger project on advocacy by scientists that will conduct empirical research to document and analyze cases of advocacy, consider and develop guidelines and best practices for scientist-advocates, and prepare educational resources on advocacy for scientists and students.