Collaborative Research: The Effects Of Broad-Scale Climate Variability on Evolutionary Pattern: Comparative Tempo and Mode in Cretaceous and Neogene Marine Molluscs.

合作研究：大范围气候变化对进化模式的影响：白垩纪和新近纪海洋软体动物的比较节奏和模式。

• 批准号: 1053517
• 负责人: Peter Harries
• 金额: $ 8.22万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1053517&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Effects; Broad; Scale

Collaborative Research: The Effects Of Broad-Scale Climate Variability on Evolutionary Pattern: Comparative Tempo and Mode in Cretaceous and Neogene Marine Molluscs.Technical Description:This study aims to address a central question in paleobiologic research: how variable is evolutionary tempo and mode? Although the issue has been debated for several decades, this study goes beyond earlier approaches in that it is focused on testing whether overall paleoclimatic regime ? the differences between green- and icehouse climates ? and the concomitant rates of environmental change associated with different climate phases play a role in regulating the rate and pattern of evolution. This builds on Sheldon?s (1996) ?plus ça change? model that suggests that the rate of environmental variability influences the evolutionary response. To test this over-arching hypothesis, data will be gathered from a greenhouse (the Late Cretaceous) as well as icehouse intervals (the Neogene). More specifically, we will sample Campanian-Maastrichtian units in the North American Western Interior Seaway (WIS) as well as the Miocene-Pleistocene units of Florida. The analyses will focus on various molluscan lineages that have relatively closely related Cretaceous ancestors and Neogene descendents, such as lucinid, nuculid, and venerid bivalves as well as naticid and turritellid gastropods. The collected specimens will be analyzed using traditional size measurements as well as shape analysis to investigate the nature of morphologic change through the intervals studied. Furthermore, to investigate the effects that stratigraphic architecture may have on the manner in which evolutionary patterns are recorded in the record, we will also examine the same Cretaceous taxonomic groups in the WIS, a foreland basin with relatively continuous sedimentation, with coeval deposits in the US Gulf Coast, a passive-margin setting with substantially more sedimentary breaks. Broader Significance and Importance:Since Darwin first published his opus that established natural selection as a prominent mechanism for producing evolutionary change, the timing (tempo) and nature (mode) of evolution has remained a persistent theme of numerous studies. The contentiousness of the issue came to the forefront with the advent of ?punctuated equilibrium?, which initiated a range of studies into examining changes in various groups. This study builds on those previous ones, but adds a new dimension to the study of tempo and mode by focusing on whether or not the rate of environmental change can influence the nature of the evolutionary response. Intellectually, the broader significance of this proposal is that this is the first study to specifically examine the influence of different climate modes on the biotas evolutionary response. Furthermore, given the multidisciplinary nature of this study, the PIs will be actively engaged in training undergraduate and graduate students in a broad spectrum of geologic approaches to collecting and analyzing data. Finally, the project involves the synergy between research universities and the Museum of the Earth, which will broaden the venues through which the results and its implications can be disseminated and used as an means of presenting evidence of the scientific evolution debate to the public.

合作研究：大尺度气候变化对进化模式的影响：白垩纪和新近纪海洋软体动物的比较克里思和模式。技术描述：这项研究旨在解决古生物学研究中的一个中心问题：进化的速度和模式是如何变化的？虽然这个问题已经争论了几十年，这项研究超越了早期的方法，因为它是集中在测试是否整体古气候制度？绿色气候和冰室气候的区别与不同气候阶段相关的环境变化速率在调节进化的速率和模式方面发挥作用。这是建立在谢尔顿的基础上的吗s（1996）？还有零钱吗该模型表明环境变化率影响进化反应。为了验证这一过度膨胀的假设，将从温室（晚白垩世）和冰库间隔（新近纪）收集数据。 更具体地说，我们将在北美西部内陆航道（WIS）以及佛罗里达的中新世-更新世单位的Campanian-Maastrichtian单位采样。分析将集中在各种软体动物谱系，有相对密切相关的白垩纪的祖先和新近纪的后代，如Lucinid，nuculid，venerid双壳类以及natricid和turritellid腹足类。将使用传统的尺寸测量以及形状分析对采集的标本进行分析，以研究整个研究间隔内形态变化的性质。此外，调查的影响，地层结构可能有进化模式的方式记录在记录中，我们还将研究相同的白垩纪分类组在WIS，前陆盆地相对连续的沉积，在美国墨西哥湾沿岸，一个被动的边缘设置，大量的沉积间断的同时代沉积。更广泛的意义和重要性：自从达尔文首次发表了他的著作，确立了自然选择作为产生进化变化的重要机制以来，进化的时间（克里思）和性质（模式）一直是众多研究的主题。这个问题的争论随着……的出现而突出起来。间断平衡？这引发了一系列研究，以检查不同群体的变化。这项研究建立在以前的研究基础上，但通过关注环境变化的速度是否会影响进化反应的性质，为克里思和模式的研究增加了一个新的维度。从智力上讲，这一提议的更广泛意义在于，这是第一项专门研究不同气候模式对生物进化反应的影响的研究。此外，鉴于这项研究的多学科性质，PI将积极参与培训本科生和研究生在广泛的地质方法收集和分析数据。最后，该项目涉及研究型大学和地球博物馆之间的协同作用，这将扩大传播成果及其影响的渠道，并将其用作向公众展示科学进化辩论证据的手段。