CAREER: Investigating Dynamic Changes in the Plasma Membrane Proteome during Plant Immune Signaling.

摘要：随着世界人口的增长和全球气候的变化，我们需要在减少人工投入的情况下提高粮食产量。由于病原体感染造成的作物损失是巨大的，为了设计新的、环境友好的疾病控制策略，更好地了解控制植物防御反应的分子机制是必要的。植物利用由两种信号触发的先天免疫系统来抵抗各种病原体的感染。第一种是一般反应，允许植物感知病原体衍生成分，通常称为病原体相关分子模式（Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns, PAMPs）。第二种被称为效应触发免疫，它代表了对能够抑制pamp诱导的防御的耐药病原体的另一种保护。这两种免疫反应有重叠和不同的节点。该项目的目的是用创新的方法来定义差异表达的质膜蛋白，以阐明每种免疫反应特异性的信号感知和转导成分。一些最早的植物免疫反应来自于质膜。这项研究的独特之处在于它解决了植物防御机制的早期反应，这是一个尚未很好表征的领域，但对于理解植物先天免疫的动力学以及制定预防或控制植物疾病的替代策略至关重要。这个项目的广泛影响将在多个层面上促进科学教育。该项目将培养高中学生和公立学校内的科学教育工作者，以及本科生、研究生和博士后。每年夏天，一名高中教师和两名来自加州戴维斯的高中生将接受指导。学生和老师将参与筛选拟南芥突变系的疾病表型。将开发一个实验室模块，使用每年夏天筛选的植物材料教授基因分型和聚合酶链反应方法。这个模块将被用来教育大量的戴维斯高中学生作为他们的生物课程的一部分。总而言之，这一建议的教学和拓展部分将广泛地促进不同学生群体的科学理解和职业发展。

Coaker ABSTRACT:Projected increases in the world's population and global climate change necessitate the increased production of food with fewer artificial inputs. Crop losses due to pathogen infection are substantial and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling plant defense responses are necessary in order to design novel, environmentally friendly disease control strategies. Plants use their innate immune system, which is triggered by two types of signals, to resist infection by diverse pathogens. The first is a general response that allows plants to sense pathogen-derived components commonly referred to as Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). The second is called effector-triggered immunity, which represents another level of protection against resistant pathogens that are able to suppress PAMP-induced defenses. The two immune responses have overlapping and distinct nodes. The objective of this project is to define differentially expressed plasma membrane proteins using innovative methods to elucidate the signaling perception and transduction components specific to each immune response. Some of the earliest plant immune responses emanate from the plasma membrane. The unique aspect of this study is that it addresses the very early responses in the plant defense mechanism, an area that is not very well characterized, but key to understanding the dynamics of plant innate immunity and to developing alternative strategies to prevent or control plant disease.The broader impacts of this project will contribute to science education at multiple levels. The project will result in the training of high-school students and science educators within the public school system as well as undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral scholars. One high school teacher and two high school students from Davis, California will be mentored each summer. The students and teacher will be involved in screening Arabidopsis mutant lines for disease phenotypes. A laboratory module will be developed to teach genotyping and polymerase chain reaction methodologies using the plant material screened each summer. This module will be used to educate a large number of Davis high school students as part of their biology curriculum. Taken together, the teaching and outreach components of this proposal will broadly enhance scientific understanding and career development of a diverse student body.