CAREER: Modeling and measuring patterns of airflow in sauropsid lungs, with special emphasis on integrating research with education of the blind and on broader impacts.

二叠纪的结束标志着地球历史上最严重的物种灭绝事件，大约96%的海洋物种和70%的陆地物种灭绝。生命史上的一个核心问题是生物圈是如何从这次大规模灭绝事件中恢复过来的。推动陆地脊椎动物重大转变的一个关键因素可能是大气中氧气和二氧化碳的变化。这项研究将调查肺形态和功能的关系，这将为深入了解始祖龙辐射(包括恐龙、翼龙、鸟类、鳄鱼等)获得的竞争优势这一问题提供洞察力。该项目将提供心肺生理学和流体系统生物工程方面的培训，并将整合科学和教育，扩大未被充分代表的群体的参与，并通过培训一名研究生和一名博士后研究员如何将研究与教育结合起来成为杰出的教师-学者来造福社会。与犹他州自然历史博物馆和全国盲人联合会(NFB)合作，这些学生将帮助开发、测试、评估和实施基于询问的学习工具包，这些工具包将包括旨在向K-12盲人学生教授功能形态和进化生物学的科学过程和基本原理的触觉材料。这项研究将建立基础设施，为犹他州和全国的盲人社区服务；这一基础设施将延长这项工作的寿命，超过拨款的期限。

The end of the Permian period is marked by the most severe extinction event in the history of the earth in which approximately 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial species died out. A central question in the history of life is how the biosphere recovered from this massive extinction event. A key factor driving the major transitions in terrestrial vertebrates may have been changes in atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide. This research will investigate lung form and function relationships, which will provide insight into the question of the competitive advantages gained by the archosaur radiation (a group that includes dinosaurs, pterosaurs, birds, crocodilians, and others). The project will provide training in cardiopulmonary physiology and bioengineering of fluid systems and will integrate science and education, broaden participation of underrepresented groups, and benefit society by training a graduate student and a postdoctoral researcher in how to integrate research and education to become outstanding teacher-scholars. In partnership with the Utah Museum of Natural History and the National Federation for the Blind (NFB), the students will help develop, test, evaluate, and implement enquiry based learning kits that will consist of tactile materials designed to teach the scientific process and fundamental principles of functional morphology and evolutionary biology to blind K-12 students. The research will build infrastructure to serve the blind community both within Utah and throughout our nation; this infrastructure will extend the lifespan of this work beyond the tenure of the grant.