Collaborative Research: An International Professional-Development Workshop in Dendrochronology: North American Dendroecological Fieldweek (NADEF)

北美树木生态学田野周（NADEF）已经通过基于项目的学习提供了20年的树木年轮研究的先进教育。目前的项目将在未来5年提供资金，以购置最先进的设备，并包括向学生抵消参与费用的资金，以使本科生和研究生更容易出勤。树木年轮研究（或树木年代学）使用树木的年生长来记录环境变量，如气候、火灾或昆虫爆发。任何影响树木生长的东西都有可能通过树木年轮来确定年代。实地考察周教授交叉年代测定的技巧（将宽年轮和窄年轮的模式相匹配，以将准确的日期应用于每个年轮）和必要的统计技术，通过使用动手教学技术来解释影响树木生长的因素，使学习者能够更全面地理解这一过程，并从头到尾理解树木年代学在研究项目中的实践。NADEF是一个为期九天的讲习班，大约有40名参与者。在实地考察周期间，在经验丰富的树木年代学家的指导下，参与者选择成为五个原创研究项目之一的研究小组成员。参与者根据火灾历史、气候重建、林分结构、昆虫爆发历史、考古住宅年代测定等活动分为小组。就更广泛的影响而言，实地考察周为研究人员以及本科生和研究生提供了与他人互动和建立网络的机会。此外，每年完成的研究有助于当地资源管理知识库，并可发展为长期研究议程。过去的实地考察周项目也是论文进一步工作的核心，并已成为发表的论文。随着实地考察周的结束，每个小组的参与者向整个小组展示他们的发现，并提交一篇简短的研究论文，描述他们的方法和发现。

The North American Dendroecological Fieldweek (NADEF) has been providing advanced education in tree-ring research through project-based learning for 20 years. The current project will provide funding for the next five years to acquire state-of-the-art equipment and includes funds to offset participant fees to students to make attendance easier for undergraduate and graduate students. Tree-ring research (or dendrochronology) uses the annual growth of trees to record environmental variables such as climate, fires, or insect outbreaks. Anything that affects tree-growth could potentially be dated using tree rings. The fieldweek teaches the skills of crossdating (matching the pattern of wide and narrow rings to apply exact dates to every ring) and the statistical techniques necessary to interpret what is affecting tree growth by using hands-on teaching techniques that enable learners to understand the process more fully and to comprehend the practice of dendrochronology on a research project from start to finish. NADEF is a nine-day workshop that has approximately 40 participants. The participants choose to become a member of the research team on one of five original research projects that are conducted during the fieldweek under the guidance of experienced dendrochronologists. Participants are divided into groups on fire history, climate reconstruction, stand-age structure, insect outbreak histories, dating archaeological dwellings, among other activities. With respect to broader impacts, the fieldweeks have given researchers as well as undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to interact and network with others. Furthermore, the research that is completed each year contributes to the local resource management knowledge base and can grow into long-term research agendas. Past fieldweek projects have also been the kernel for further work on a thesis or dissertation and have become published papers. As the fieldweek comes to an end, participants from each group present their findings back to the whole group and turn in a short research paper describing their methods and findings.