The Maihiki Project [ISO-639: ore]: Documenting, describing, and revitalizing a Western Tukanoan language

Maihiki 项目 [ISO-639：矿石]：记录、描述和振兴西方图卡诺语言

• 批准号: 1065621
• 负责人: Lev Michael
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1065621&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Maihiki; Project; ISO; 639; ore

The Máíhiki Project is a three-year, team-based project that will thoroughly document Máíhiki (ISO 639: ore), the highly endangered language of the Máíhuna people. Máíhiki is spoken in northern Peruvian Amazonia, and belongs to the Tukanoan language family, which has played an import role in recent years in linguistic typology and theories of language contact. The Máíhiki Project's concrete products - including a dictionary, a grammatical description, and a collection of Máíhuna narratives and oral history texts - will serve both scientific goals and objectives set by the Máíhuna people.Spoken by 90-100 individuals out of an ethnic population of approximately 400 people, Máíhiki is presently highly endangered, and language revitalization a major concern of the Máíhuna people. The Máíhiki Project will train Máíhunas as linguistic researchers so that they can participate fully in the documentation of Máíhiki, and will also develop and test innovative family-based language revitalization techniques with an eye towards applications in other language endangerment situations.Research on Máíhiki is scientifically important in three ways. First, it will provide crucial data for reconstruction of the proto-language from which the modern Tukanoan languages descended, thereby yielding insights into the cultural history and peopling of the Amazon Basin. Second, because of its geographical isolation from other Tukanoan languages, Máíhiki has not participated in the Vaupés Linguistic Area (VLA), one of the most theoretically important language contact areas in the world, centered on the Brazilian-Colombian border. As a result, Máíhiki can provide crucial insights into which linguistic features characteristic of the VLA originated from the Tukanoan languages that participate in the area, and which features derive from other languages families in the area, such as Arawak languages. This knowledge will allow linguists to better understand what kinds of linguistic features flow between languages in circumstances of intense social contact. Finally, Máíhiki exhibits a number of theoretically interesting grammatical subsystems, including morphological frustratives (i.e. suffixes which indicate that an action failed to be carried out, or failed to realize its intended goal) and a system by which the grammatical relations between nouns and verbs are inferred from context, rather than marked grammatically. These phenomena will allow linguists to better understand the ways in which human languages can vary, including how social and interactional factors are relevant to linguistic structure.

Máhiki项目是一个为期三年的团队项目，将彻底记录Máhiki（ISO 639：ore），这是Máhuna人的高度濒危语言。Máíhiki是秘鲁亚马逊河流域北方的一种语言，属于Tukanoan语系，近年来在语言类型学和语言接触理论中发挥了重要作用。Máíhiki项目的具体成果--包括一本词典、一本语法描述、一套Máíhuna叙事和口述历史文本--将服务于科学目标和Máíhuna人设定的目标。Máíhiki是一个约400人的民族，目前有90-100人使用，目前高度濒危，语言复兴是Máíhuna人的主要关注点。Máíhiki项目将培训Máíhunas成为语言研究人员，使他们能够充分参与Máíhiki的文献工作，还将开发和测试创新的以家庭为基础的语言振兴技术，着眼于在其他语言濒危情况下的应用。首先，它将为重建现代图卡诺语言的起源提供关键数据，从而深入了解亚马逊盆地的文化历史和人口。第二，由于与其他图卡诺语的地理隔离，马希基语没有参与沃佩斯语言区（VLA），这是世界上理论上最重要的语言接触区之一，以巴西-哥伦比亚边境为中心。因此，Máíhiki可以提供关键的见解，了解VLA的哪些语言特征起源于参与该地区的Tukanoan语言，以及哪些特征来自该地区的其他语言家族，如Arawak语言。这些知识将使语言学家更好地了解在激烈的社会接触环境中，语言之间流动着什么样的语言特征。最后，Máíhiki展示了一些理论上有趣的语法子系统，包括形态挫折（即表示一个动作未能执行或未能实现其预期目标的后缀）和一个系统，通过该系统，名词和动词之间的语法关系是从上下文推断的，而不是语法标记。这些现象将使语言学家更好地理解人类语言的变化方式，包括社会和干扰因素如何与语言结构相关。