US Egypt Cooperative Research: New Approach for Measuring Crop Evapotranspiration and Updating Crop Coefficients in Egypt

美埃合作研究：测量埃及作物蒸散量和更新作物系数的新方法

• 批准号: 1104062
• 负责人: Richard Snyder
• 金额: $ 14.63万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1104062&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; Egypt; Cooperative; Research; New

1104062 This project supports a cooperative research project by Dr. Richard Snyder, University of California at Davis and Dr. Hassan E-Banna Osman, Agricultural Research Institute (ARC) in Cairo, Egypt and Dr. Atef Swelam, ICARDA, Cairo, Egypt. They plan to work on developing new methodologies to measure actual evapotranspiration (ETc) in Egypt. This will help the Egyptian water policy planners. The goals of this project are to (1) refine and use the SIMETAW model for water demand planning in Egypt and (2) use the calibrated Surface Renewal method (SR) to develop and update crop coefficient (Kc) values for various crops by region in Egypt. Also, this project aims to develop training materials to extend the methodology to the water resources engineers, agronomists, extension agents, and growers. The SIMETAW application program and surface renewal are being used by the State of California to estimate the demand for irrigation water to improve agriculture water resources management. It has the potential to greatly improve our knowledge about the demand for water in crops in Egypt and it will help farmers with on-farm irrigation efficiency. Information on water demand is also needed to efficiently manage water supply and delivery in the Nile Delta and other regions in Egypt. The proposal is to develop and collect the information needed to apply the SIMETAW model for all agro-ecological zones in Egypt and to run the model, test its accuracy, and modify the program as needed to provide the Egyptian irrigation engineers with better statistics on water use under different conditions. In addition, this project will identify where more reference evapotranspiration (ETo) stations are needed to improve the spatial estimation of ETo over Egypt. The PIs will work jointly to install and operate surface renewal stations to measure crop evapotranspiration and to determine crop coefficients. This will help growers to improve their on-farm irrigation efficiency, and it will help Egyptian water management specialists and hydrologists to better manage water flows through the irrigation networks in Egypt. The effort will be beneficial to both the economy and the environment. The first year of the project will mainly be devoted to training, installation of SR stations, and basic data collection. In the second and third years, cooperators will collect data from SR stations to determine ETc and Kc values for various important crops. The third year will focus on educational materials, publishing and dissemination of the project findings.Intellectual merits: The proposed activity involves application of a water demand model in Egypt and development of crop coefficients for various crop types in Egypt. The research uses surface renewal method to estimate evapotranspiration over Egypt. Software for water budget determination and management over varied croplands has been developed over a number of years, mainly using California locations for testing and calibration. Application to other climates and cropland situations is required to test and calibrate the software. This will be provided by the work in Egypt. Technology transfer will be conducted with workshops and materials. Broader impacts: Overall water is a critical resource whose management affects all aspects of human life. Agriculture is the biggest water consumer and so better management pays off substantially. This work will contribute to this goal, and is highly important in a region (Middle East) where water is likely to be a contentious issue among nations as well. The research will help scientists in Egypt to devise better methods to estimate evapotranspiration and get better estimates of surface energy budget, and thus help manage water resources better. The research can provide information on exchange coefficients over an arid region. This proposal is supported under the US-Egypt Joint Fund Program where NSF supports the US side and the Government of Egypt funds the Egyptian side.

1104062 该项目支持加州大学戴维斯分校的Richard Snyder博士和埃及开罗农业研究所的哈桑E-Banna Osman博士以及埃及开罗ICARDA的Atef Swelam博士的合作研究项目。 他们计划开发新的方法来测量埃及的实际蒸散量（ETc）。这将有助于埃及的水政策规划者。 该项目的目标是：（1）完善和使用SIMETAW模型，用于埃及的水需求规划;（2）使用经过校准的地表更新方法（SR），制定和更新埃及各地区各种作物的作物系数（Kc）值。此外，该项目旨在编制培训材料，将该方法推广到水资源工程师、农学家、推广人员和种植者。加州州正在使用SIMETAW应用程序和地表更新来估计灌溉用水需求，以改善农业水资源管理。它有可能大大提高我们对埃及农作物用水需求的认识，并将帮助农民提高农田灌溉效率。为了有效管理尼罗河三角洲和埃及其他地区的供水和供水，还需要关于水需求的信息。该提案旨在开发和收集将SIMETAW模型应用于埃及所有农业生态区所需的信息，并运行该模型，测试其准确性，并根据需要修改程序，以便为埃及灌溉工程师提供不同条件下更好的用水统计数据。此外，该项目将确定哪里需要更多的参考蒸散量（ETo）站，以改善埃及上空ETo的空间估计。项目执行人将共同努力安装和操作地面更新站，以测量作物蒸散量并确定作物系数。这将帮助种植者提高其农场灌溉效率，并将帮助埃及水管理专家和水文学家更好地管理通过埃及灌溉网络的水流。这一努力将有利于经济和环境。该项目的第一年将主要用于培训、安装卫星遥感站和收集基本数据。在第二年和第三年，合作者将从SR台站收集数据，以确定各种重要作物的ETc和Kc值。第三年的重点是编写教材，出版和传播项目成果。本研究采用地表更新方法估算埃及的蒸散量。用于确定和管理不同农田的水收支的软件已经开发了许多年，主要使用加州的位置进行测试和校准。 需要将软件应用于其他气候和农田情况，以测试和校准软件。 这将由在埃及的工作提供。技术转让将通过讲习班和材料进行。 更广泛的影响：总体而言，水是一种重要的资源，其管理影响到人类生活的各个方面。 农业是最大的水消费者，因此更好的管理会带来巨大的回报。 这项工作将有助于实现这一目标，而且在一个水可能成为各国之间有争议的问题的地区（中东）非常重要。这项研究将帮助埃及科学家设计更好的方法来估计蒸散量，并更好地估计地表能量预算，从而帮助更好地管理水资源。 该研究可以提供干旱地区交换系数的信息。 该提案得到了美国-埃及联合基金计划的支持，NSF支持美国方面，埃及政府资助埃及方面。