Dynamical Processes in Strongly Coupled Complex Plasmas

强耦合复杂等离子体中的动力学过程

• 批准号: 1105005
• 负责人: Gabor Kalman
• 金额: $ 21万
• 依托单位: Boston College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-15 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1105005&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamical; Processes; Strongly; Coupled; Complex

Complex (dusty) plasmas consist of mesoscopic grains immersed in the background of a gaseous plasma of electrons, ions and neutral atoms. The grains become highly charged, collecting electric charges up to 10000 times the electronic charge and acquiring a high level of potential energy. As a result, they become strongly coupled, i. e. their dynamics becomes governed by their potential, rather than their kinetic energy. In this state, the behavior of the grains largely mimics, albeit on a different scale, many of the physical processes that atoms and molecules undergo in condensed matter. This project addresses the dynamical behavior of complex plasmas through theoretical analysis combined with computer simulation. As such, it represents a novel approach to problems associated with issues in areas of condensed matter physics, by studying processes similar to those occurring in solids, liquids, etc. on a "magnified" scale where direct visual observation is possible. This approach requires that the investigators possess a broad overview of many different areas of physics. A special intellectual merit of the project is the use of a unique analytic method, created some time ago by the Principal Investigator and his colleagues, This method, referred to as the Quasi Localized Charge Approximation, was already tested in earlier funding periods where it provided interpretations of a variety of laboratory experiments and computer simulations.Complex (dusty) plasmas occur in a variety of natural situations. Examples are various astrophysical systems, the Earth's environment, gas discharges, semiconductor processing facilities, etc. In addition, laboratory experiments and experiments in gravitation free environment in the orbiting Space Station produce these strongly coupled plasmas as well: from the experimental point of view these systems are unique in that they combine properties of conventional plasmas and (liquid and solid) condensed matter. This is a key feature that provides the opportunity to study properties of various highly dissimilar physical system, such as colloids, stellar interiors, magnets, cryogenic "ultracold" systems and extremely hot and dense matter created in particle accelerators under macroscopic "visible" experimental conditions. The major computer simulation program of the project will open broad opportunities for students in training and practicing in computational methods. Participating students will be encouraged to visit US and overseas laboratories and training programs.

复合物（灰尘）等离子体由浸入电子，离子和中性原子气态血浆背景的介观晶粒组成。谷物充满电，收集高达10000倍电子电荷的电荷并获得高水平的势能。结果，它们变得强烈耦合，即。 e。他们的动态受到潜在的影响，而不是动能。在这种状态下，谷物的行为在很大程度上模仿，尽管在不同的规模上，许多原子和分子在冷凝物质中经历的物理过程。该项目通过理论分析与计算机仿真相结合，解决了复杂等离子体的动态行为。因此，它代表了一种与凝结物理学领域相关的问题的新方法，通过研究与固体，液体等中发生的过程相似的过程。这种方法要求研究人员对许多不同的物理领域具有广泛的概述。该项目的一个特殊智力优点是使用了一种独特的分析方法，该方法是在不久前由主要研究者及其同事创建的，这种方法已被称为准局部费用近似值，在早期的资金期间已经进行了测试，在这些期间中，它提供了各种自然层的实验室实验和计算机模拟（Dusty）的解释。例子是各种天体物理系统，地球环境，气体排放，半导体加工设施等。此外，在轨道空间站中，实验室实验和无重力环境中的实验也产生了这些紧密耦合的等离子体：从实验性的角度来看，这些系统是独一无二的，因为它们结合了传统的等离子和固体（液体水平和固体）的浓度。这是一个关键特征，它提供了研究各种高度不同物理系统的特性，例如胶体，恒星内部，磁铁，低温“超速”系统以及在粒子加速器中在宏观“可见”实验条件下产生的极热和密集的物质。该项目的主要计算机仿真程序将为学生提供培训和练习计算方法的广泛机会。将鼓励参与的学生访问我们和海外实验室和培训计划。