GOALI/FRG: Layered Systems with Dynamically Evolving Structure

非技术描述：人们越来越关注能源的可用性、对环境的影响以及能源成本对经济健康和社会福祉的影响，这为大力改进推进和发电系统的效率提供了强大的动力。这些改进的关键是能够在更高温度下工作的材料系统，体现在燃气涡轮发动机的多层工程表面上。一个跨学科的学术/行业团队旨在发展应对挑战和指导这一关键技术进步所需的科学理解。重点是(1)以科学为基础，发现在未来发动机预期的前所未有的条件下具有必要性能和耐久性的材料；(2)建立材料化学、结构和性能之间的关系，使材料的设计和实施成为可能。通过与领先的发动机制造商密切合作，科学研究的成果对技术及其设计基础设施产生了直接和更直接的影响。该项目建立在学术和工业参与者和国际合作者网络之间建立的关系基础上，创造了一个特殊的教育环境，让学生(i)研究具有巨大技术影响潜力的具有科学挑战性的问题，（ii）由该领域的学术和工业专家组成的跨学科团队进行指导。(3)有机会在工业实验室和国际机构进行研究实习。该小组在促进本科生、妇女和代表性不足群体成员参与研究项目和国际经验方面有着良好的记录。技术细节：该项目的总体目标是建立一个以科学为基础的框架，为燃气涡轮发动机的新材料系统的概念设计提供基础，从而大大提高效率。这项研究的目的是：(1)了解当前材料的局限性，以满足先进发动机技术的温度/性能目标；(2)探索材料设计的新方向；(3)发展实施所需的科学基础。该战略的关键要素包括(i)跨学科的、基于系统的方法，（ii）使用多相组成层，设计成易于演变成理想的配置，并在系统的生命周期内保持功能，以及（iii）开发建模方法，允许对概念进行有效评估并指导其实验验证。由于分层结构的化学和形态复杂性，需要新的计算工具来捕获和集成系统和各个层的动态。模拟与强大的实验活动相结合，以识别和解决设计，合成/加工和结构及其本构行为表征方面的关键挑战。科学进步是在以下主题中设想的：(i)多相氧化物和合金及其界面在相关温度下的本构行为；（ii）亚稳结构的合成及其向具有所需属性的相组合的演变；（iii）支撑上述演变的热力学、扩散和相变机制/动力学；（iv）由内部系统动力学和/或施加的热/机械刺激产生的应力对结构稳定性和损伤演变的作用。(v)探索系统在不同演化阶段的状态及其性质的方法。该项目通过以下方式为学生和博士后学者提供独特的教育体验：(i)学习如何在关键技术背景下专注于科学主题的跨学科研究小组中工作；（ii）通过精心设计的实习与工业团队成员的共同监督相结合，获得工业研究团队协议的知识；（三）参加与国外机构（澳大利亚、日本、德国和英国）的国际研究交流和专题研讨会。国家科学基金项目由国际科学与工程办公室（OISE）的两个项目共同资助：(1)东亚和太平洋，(2)欧洲和欧亚；工程局和数学与物理科学局。

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Mounting concerns about the availability, environmental impact and cost of energy on the economic health and well being of society provide strong motivation for substantial improvements in the efficiency of propulsion and power generation systems. Crucial to these improvements are material systems capable of higher temperature operation, epitomized by multi-layer engineered surfaces in gas turbine engines. An interdisciplinary academic/industry team aims to develop the scientific understanding needed to meet the challenge and guide progress in this critical technology. Emphasis is on (i) the science-based discovery of materials with the requisite performance and durability in the unprecedented conditions expected in future engines, and (ii) establishing the relationships between materials chemistry, structure and properties to enable materials design and implementation. By collaborating closely with a leading engine manufacturer, the outcomes of the scientific research have a direct and more immediate impact on technology and its design infrastructure. The project builds on established relationships between the academic and industrial participants and a network of international collaborators that create an exceptional educational environment where students (i) work on scientifically challenging problems with substantial potential for technological impact, (ii) are mentored by an interdisciplinary team of academic and industrial experts in the field, and (iii) have opportunities for research internships at industrial laboratories and international institutions. The team has an established record of promoting the participation of undergraduates, women and members of underrepresented groups in research projects and international experiences.TECHNICAL DETAILS: The overarching objective of this project is to establish a science-based framework for underpinning the conceptual design of new materials systems for gas turbine engines with substantially improved efficiency. The aims of the research are (i) to understand the limitations of current materials to meet the temperature/performance targets of advanced engine technology, (ii) to explore new directions in materials design, and (iii) to develop the science base needed for implementation. Key elements of the strategy include (i) an interdisciplinary, systems-based approach, (ii) the use of multiphase constituent layers designed to evolve readily into a desirable configuration and retain functionality over the life of the system, and (iii) the development of modeling approaches that allow efficient assessment of concepts and guide their experimental validation. Because of the chemical and morphological complexity of the layered architectures, novel computational tools are needed to capture and integrate the dynamics of the system and the individual layers. Simulations are coupled with a strong experimental activity to identify and solve the critical challenges in design, synthesis/processing, and characterization of the structures and their constitutive behavior. Scientific advances are envisaged within the following themes: (i) constitutive behavior of multiphase oxides and alloys, as well as their interfaces, at relevant temperatures (ii) synthesis of metastable structures and their evolution into phase assemblages with the desired attributes, (iii) the thermodynamics, diffusion and phase transformation mechanisms/kinetics underpinning said evolution, (iv) the role of stresses arising from the internal system dynamics and/or imposed thermal/mechanical stimuli on the structural stability and evolution of damage, (v) approaches to probe the state of the system and its properties at various stages in the evolution. The project offers unique educational experiences for students and post-doctoral scholars by (i) learning first-hand how to work within an interdisciplinary research group focused on a scientific theme in the context of a critical technology; (ii) acquiring knowledge of industrial research-team protocols by combining well designed internships with co-supervision by the industrial team members; and (iii) participating in international research exchanges with foreign institutions (in Australia, Japan, Germany and the UK) and in topical workshops. FUNDING: This National Science Foundation project is co-funded by two of the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE)'s Programs: (1) East Asia and Pacific, and (2) Europe and Eurasia; the Engineering Directorate and the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Directorate.