North American Carbon Program (NACP) and Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Interim Coastal Carbon Synthesis

沿海边缘对区域和全球碳收支的贡献尚未得到很好的理解，这主要是由于关于沿海水域碳源和碳汇的大小、空间分布和年际变化的信息有限。海洋碳和生物地球化学（OCB）计划在过去两年中一直与北美碳计划（NACP）合作，开发一项沿海临时综合活动，作为NACP临时综合活动的一部分，其目标是汇集相关的观测、数据和建模工作，以确定和量化北美碳预算中的关键来源、汇、储量、通量和相关过程。沿海临时综合活动的目标是在更广泛的时空尺度上综合来自北美大陆边缘不同地区的个体、小规模观测和模拟研究，以改进北美沿海碳收支的定量评估。由于沿海海洋与陆地、大气和开放海洋的生物地球化学循环有着重要而复杂的联系，因此有必要为关注有机碳和无机碳以及与碳平衡和大陆边缘缺氧影响相关的氮和磷循环主题的研究人员提供参与。在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所（WHOI）的支持下，来自WHOI、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校和南佛罗里达大学的OCB科学家将召开两次研讨会，以促进与五个地区沿海碳预算相关的数据收集和综合工作。东海岸（包括缅因湾）、西海岸（包括阿拉斯加湾）、墨西哥湾、北极（包括白令海、楚科奇海、波弗特海和巴芬-拉布拉多海等边缘海）和五大湖。支持这些工作的额外资金将由NASA和NOAA提供。更广泛的影响：沿海边缘是北美碳预算中一个重要的未知因素。通过利用美国两个领先的碳循环科学项目（NACP和OCB）的共享社区专业知识，该项目将改善沿海碳汇/碳源估算，并促进社区互动，以确保我们对推动北美碳循环的最重要过程的理解中陆地和海洋之间的无缝过渡。提出的方法召集了具有区域重要物理和生物地球化学过程专业知识的科学家，以开发强大的区域沿海碳预算，更有效地解释沿海系统固有的一些时空变异性。该项目的另一个关键成果将是非常有价值的历史数据集，它将提高我们对碳循环的理解，并为与气候变化、人类健康和渔业有关的问题的公共讨论和政策制定提供信息，所有这些问题都与碳循环密切相关。恢复这些数据并将其纳入可公开访问的数据库将加强沿海地区预测模型的发展，并使陆地、大气和海洋二氧化碳和碳循环模型的更全面联系成为可能。目前在美国大部分沿海地区进行了50年的观测，为监测沿海海洋生态系统的健康状况提供了急需的历史背景，这些生态系统正变得越来越容易受到海洋酸化、富营养化和缺氧的威胁。

The contribution of coastal margins to regional and global carbon budgets isnot well understood, largely due to limited information about the magnitude, spatial distribution,and interannual variability of carbon sources and sinks in coastal waters. The Ocean Carbon &Biogeochemistry (OCB) Program has been collaborating with the North American CarbonProgram (NACP) over the past two years to develop a Coastal Interim Synthesis Activity as partof the NACP Interim Synthesis activities, the goals of which are to bring together relevantobservations, data, and modeling efforts in an effort to identify and quantify key sources, sinks,stocks, fluxes, and associated processes in the North American carbon budget. The objective ofthe Coastal Interim Synthesis Activity is to synthesize individual, small-scale observational andmodeling studies from different regions of the North American continental margin acrossbroader spatial and temporal scales to improve quantitative assessments of the North Americancoastal carbon budget. Because the coastal oceans have important and complex linkages withterrestrial, atmospheric, and open ocean biogeochemical cycles, it is important to provide for the participation of researchers focused on both organic and inorganic carbon, as well as nitrogenand phosphorus cycle topics related to carbon balance and related issues such as hypoxiaimpacts on continental margins.With support through this award to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), OCB scientists from WHOI, the University of Alaska - Fairbanks, and the University of South Florida will convene two workshops to facilitate data gathering and synthesis efforts related to coastal carbon budgets in five regions?East Coast (including Gulf of Maine), West Coast (including Gulf of Alaska), Gulf of Mexico, Arctic (including marginal seas such as the Bering, Chukchi, Beaufort, and Baffin-Labrador), and Great Lakes. Additional funding to support these efforts will be provided by NASA and NOAA.Broader Impacts: Coastal margins represent a significant unknown in the North Americancarbon budget. By leveraging the shared community expertise of two leading U.S. carbon cyclescience programs (NACP and OCB), this project will improve coastal carbon sink/sourceestimates and facilitate the community interaction needed to ensure a seamless transitionbetween land and sea in our understanding of the most important processes driving the NorthAmerican carbon cycle. The proposed approach convenes scientists with specializedknowledge of regionally important physical and biogeochemical processes to develop robustregional coastal carbon budgets that more effectively account for some of the inherent spatialand temporal variability of coastal systems. Another key outcome of this project will be atremendously valuable historic dataset that will improve our understanding of the carbon cycleand inform public discussion and policy making on issues related to climate change, humanhealth, and fisheries, all of which are intimately linked to carbon cycling. Recovery of these dataand their incorporation into a publicly accessible data base will enhance the development ofpredictive models for coastal regions and also enable more comprehensive linkage of land,atmosphere, and ocean modeling of carbon dioxide and the carbon cycle. There are currently50 years of observations in most U.S. coastal regions, providing much-needed historicalcontext to monitor the health of coastal ocean ecosystems, which are becoming increasinglyvulnerable to threats of ocean acidification, eutrophication, and hypoxia.