Investigation of Arctic Ocean Dynamics

提供资金，以调查一套基本的动力学过程中，在北冰洋的<$-effect是小的，西部海洋边界的情况下。结果将有助于了解一系列重要的问题，有关的环流和状态的北冰洋，如：斯维尔德鲁普平衡是否在北极举行？罗斯贝波仍然在北极海洋环流的旋转中发挥核心作用吗？在北极附近，海洋对风的变化有何反应？在那里，罗斯贝波应该是不存在或停滞的。涡旋在位涡平衡中起什么作用？如果没有西部海洋边界，海洋如何旋转到准平衡状态？是风还是温盐因素主导和塑造了北极？海洋环流？为什么大西洋的水会渗透到北冰洋？它去北极是为了取代被风吹出北极的地表水（风驱动理论），还是为了满足盐和热平衡（温盐理论）？在过去的世纪里，基于对亚热带和热带环流（如墨西哥湾流系统）的研究，发展了一种公认的海洋环流理论。 这一理论所依据的假设在北冰洋的有效性是值得怀疑的。 这项研究将提高我们对控制北冰洋环流的基本物理学的理解，提高我们预测可能因强迫变化而导致的环流模式变化的能力，从而提高我们预测北冰洋物质漂移的能力。

Funds are provided to investigate a set of fundamental dynamical processes in the Arctic Ocean where the â-effect is small and the western ocean boundary is absent. Results will contribute to understanding a series of important issues concerning the circulation and state of the Arctic Ocean, such as: Does the Sverdrup balance hold in the Arctic? Do Rossby waves still play the central role in the spin up of an oceanic gyre in the Arctic? How does the ocean respond to changes in wind near the North Pole where Rossby waves are supposed to be nonexistent or stagnant? What role do eddies play in the potential vorticity balance? How does the ocean spin up to a quasi-equilibrium state if there is no western ocean boundary? Do winds or thermohaline factors dominate and shape the arctic?s ocean circulation? Why does the Atlantic water penetrate to the Arctic Ocean? Does it go to the Arctic to replace surface water forced by winds to go out of the Arctic (wind-driven theory) or in order to satisfy salt and heat balances (thermohaline theory)?An accepted theory of ocean circulation has been developed over the past century based on studies of the subtropical and tropical gyres, such as the Gulf Stream system. The validity of the assumptions on which this theory is based is questionable in the Arctic Ocean. This study will enhance our understanding of the fundamental physics controlling Arctic Ocean circulation and our ability to predict the changes in circulation patterns that may result from changes in forcing and, hence, our ability to predict the drift of material in the Arctic Ocean.