DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The Quantitative Genetics of Male-Female Conflict

论文研究：男女冲突的数量遗传学

• 批准号: 1110617
• 负责人: Daphne Fairbairn
• 金额: $ 1.45万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1110617&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Quantitative; Genetics; Male

DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The Quantitative Genetics of Sexual ConflictThis project investigates the evolution of differences between sexes (sexual dimorphism). Despite often dramatic physical divergence, males and females share the majority of their genes. This creates genetic conflict when selection favors different trait values in the two sexes, because genes that are beneficial for females will be detrimental for males and vice versa. Evolutionary theory predicts that this conflict can be resolved by one of two mechanisms: location of genes with sex-specific benefits on sex chromosomes (sex-linkage) or sex-specific patterns of gene expression. By crossing populations of water striders that differ in both body size and magnitude of sexual dimorphism, this study will quantify sex-linkage and sex-specific patterns of gene expression to determine if they are responsible for the observed variation in sexual dimorphism. Additionally, the project explores the ability of statistical methods to detect the genetic effects, unique to the two predictions, in wild populations.Direct involvement of undergraduates is key to the project. While in the laboratory, students will obtain hands on experience conducting scientific research. Although most UCR undergraduates go into health professions, training during this project will prepare them well for these biology based professions. Results from the research will reveal the genetic architecture of sexually dimorphic traits and contribute to the general theories on body size evolution and sexual selection. Further, this project will contribute to the statistical methods available for quantitative genetic analyses of non-laboratory populations. These results can be used to advance livestock improvement programs and determine the genetic basis of sex-specific diseases in humans.

论文研究：性别差异的数量遗传学这个项目调查了性别差异的进化（性二态性）。 尽管身体上的差异常常很大，但男性和女性的大部分基因都是相同的。 当选择有利于两性的不同特征值时，这就会产生遗传冲突，因为对女性有利的基因对男性不利，反之亦然。 进化理论预测，这种冲突可以通过两种机制之一来解决：在性染色体上定位具有性别特异性益处的基因（性连锁）或基因表达的性别特异性模式。 本研究通过对体型和性二型性大小不同的水虻种群进行杂交，将对基因表达的性别连锁和性别特异性模式进行量化，以确定它们是否对观察到的性二型性变化负责。 此外，该项目还探索了统计方法检测野生种群中两种预测所特有的遗传效应的能力。本科生的直接参与是该项目的关键。 在实验室里，学生将获得进行科学研究的实践经验。 虽然大多数UCR本科生进入卫生专业，在这个项目期间的培训将为这些生物学为基础的专业做好准备。 研究结果将揭示性二形性状的遗传结构，并有助于身体大小进化和性选择的一般理论。 此外，该项目将有助于非实验室人群的定量遗传分析的统计方法。 这些结果可用于推进牲畜改良计划，并确定人类性别特异性疾病的遗传基础。