SHB: Large: Collaborative Research: From the Ground Up -- Mobile Tools for Grassroots Programs in Public Health

SHB：大型：合作研究：从头开始——公共卫生基层计划的移动工具

• 批准号: 1114622
• 负责人: Noah Perin
• 金额: $ 29.91万
• 依托单位: Program for Appropriate Technology in Health
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1114622&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SHB; Large; Collaborative; Research; Ground

Innovation in public health is often bottom up: new processes and technologies are often identified by grassroots and non-governmental organizations and deployed locally before achieving broader use. Mobile technologies have a vast potential to strengthen health systems for under-served populations, but innovation is hindered by the difficulty and expertise required to create robust and deployable solutions. This work seeks to change this state of affairs by providing a set of tools based on commonly available mobile devices that will permit these organizations to easily deploy new health services, supervise their delivery, improve logistics, evaluate their programs' effectiveness, and disseminate their learning and tools to others around the world. The approach is based on cost-realism, namely, the appropriate mix of technology elements to tackle a problem based on a realistic assessment of the solution's sustainability in the community where it will be deployed. Thus, the focus is on using a mix of communication devices that are already likely to be in the possession of a large percentage of the target population such as mobile phones. There will also be experimentation with adding new sensor devices to mobile phones for physiological measurements. This collaborative work includes PATH, an organization uniquely suited to realizing scalable technology solutions in the public health space.The goal of the research is to understand how mobile and cloud software can be constructed to make it easier to deploy modular applications that take advantage of components designed by a large community rather than a monolithic solution that is difficult to extend. In this way, a flourishing ecosystem will be created, much like application markets today, with the added capability of composing modules into larger systems. Evaluation will include both the use of the tools in a public health context as well as the ease with which new information services and systems are built and deployed. Given the wide range of potential applications students will be recruited from a wide variety of disciplines including the University of Washington Medical School, School of Public Health, and Information School and inter-disciplinary projects will be introduced into undergraduate capstone courses.As the work is multi-disciplinary, research results will be as well. The focus is on human-computer interaction, mobile systems, communication, and software engineering. The primary technical challenges are in management of mobile data collection, expanding the sensing/perception capabilities of mobile phones for health, and architecting distributed information services. Improved methods for organizing data collection campaigns and their sustainable management in terms of both the deployment of instruments on mobile devices and tools to supervise the data collectors themselves will be foremost. Connecting mobile phones and their sensors in a structured arrangement that will allow use of everything from paper and cheap voice/SMS phones on one end of the spectrum to smartphones and tablets on the other will be a significant contribution to data collection methods. Exploiting standard interfaces and internet protocols between cloud-based modules will formalize the development of data architectures (above basic databases) that embody work processes and sustain management feedback loops.

公共卫生领域的创新往往是自下而上的：新的流程和技术往往由基层和非政府组织确定，并在实现更广泛的使用之前在当地部署。移动的技术在加强服务不足人群的卫生系统方面具有巨大潜力，但创新受到创建强大和可部署解决方案所需的困难和专业知识的阻碍。 这项工作旨在通过提供一套基于常用移动的设备的工具来改变这种状况，这些工具将允许这些组织轻松部署新的卫生服务，监督其交付，改善物流，评估其计划的有效性，并将其学习和工具传播给世界各地的其他组织。 这一办法以成本现实主义为基础，即根据对解决办法在将部署该办法的社区中的可持续性的现实评估，适当组合各种技术要素，以解决问题。 因此，重点是使用大部分目标人口可能已经拥有的各种通信设备，如移动的电话。 还将试验在移动的手机上添加新的传感器设备，以进行生理测量。 这项合作包括PATH，这是一个特别适合在公共卫生领域实现可扩展技术解决方案的组织。研究的目标是了解如何构建移动的和云软件，以便更容易地部署模块化应用程序，这些应用程序利用大型社区设计的组件，而不是难以扩展的整体解决方案。 通过这种方式，将创建一个繁荣的生态系统，就像今天的应用程序市场一样，增加了将模块组合成更大系统的能力。评价将包括在公共卫生方面使用这些工具以及建立和部署新的信息服务和系统的难易程度。鉴于潜在的应用范围广泛，学生将从各种学科，包括华盛顿大学医学院，公共卫生学院和信息学院和跨学科项目将被引入到本科课程的顶点。由于工作是多学科的，研究成果也将是如此。重点是人机交互，移动的系统，通信和软件工程。 主要的技术挑战是在移动的数据收集的管理，扩大健康的移动的电话的传感/感知能力，和分布式信息服务的架构。 最重要的是改进数据收集活动的组织方法及其可持续管理，包括在移动的设备上部署仪器和监督数据收集者本身的工具。 将移动的电话及其传感器以结构化的方式连接起来，从而允许使用从一端的纸质和廉价语音/短信电话到另一端的智能手机和平板电脑等各种设备，这将是对数据收集方法的重大贡献。 利用基于云的模块之间的标准接口和互联网协议，将使体现工作流程和维持管理反馈循环的数据架构（高于基本数据库）的开发正规化。