Screening and characterization of biological ice nuclei and their influence on the ice nucleation activity of soil and mineral dust.

生物冰核的筛选和表征及其对土壤和矿尘冰核活性的影响。

• 批准号: 201769296
• 负责人: Dr. Janine Fröhlich
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Multiphasenchemie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/201769296?language=en
• 关键词: Screening; characterization; biological; ice; nuclei

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in soil, cryptogamic covers, and in the atmosphere. Several bacterial, fungal, lichen, and pollen species have been identified as ice nucleating particles (INP) that can initiate the formation of ice at relatively high temperatures and biological residues in soil dust are a potentially strong source of atmospheric INP. However, the sources of biological INP produced and released from plants, soil and cryptogamic covers remain unclear, even though their potential role in triggering glaciation and precipitation has recently been supported. Recent studies of various soil and air samples indicate that diverse ice nucleating (IN) fungi from more than one phylum are not only present in air and soil but can also be abundant components of the cultivable community. Thus, the proposed project is aimed at identifying unknown IN microorganisms and materials from soils, plants, and cryptogamic covers and on the investigation of their influence on the IN activity of soil dust. The necessary techniques for a screening of multiple cultures of e.g. cyanobacteria are well established in our laboratory. In the proposed project the INP of the new identified IN organisms should also be characterized on a molecular level.

微生物在土壤、隐花植物覆盖层和大气中普遍存在。几种细菌、真菌、地衣和花粉物种已被确定为冰成核颗粒（INP），其可以在相对较高的温度下引发冰的形成，并且土壤灰尘中的生物残留物是大气INP的潜在强源。然而，从植物，土壤和隐花植物覆盖物产生和释放的生物INP的来源仍然不清楚，即使他们在触发冰川和降水的潜在作用最近得到了支持。最近对各种土壤和空气样品的研究表明，来自一个以上门的不同冰核（IN）真菌不仅存在于空气和土壤中，而且也可以是可培养群落的丰富组成部分。因此，拟议的项目的目的是确定未知的IN微生物和材料从土壤，植物和隐花植物覆盖物和调查它们对土壤灰尘的IN活性的影响。我们的实验室已经建立了筛选多种培养物的必要技术，例如蓝藻。在拟议的项目中，还应在分子水平上表征新鉴定的IN生物体的INP。