Functional Role of BYDV 3' RNA Translation Enhancer Element

智力优势：几乎所有mRNA的长距离RNA-RNA相互作用都有很好的记录。 大多数细胞mRNA采用5'帽和3'聚（A）尾，这两者在mRNA的翻译中起关键作用。 然而，涉及内部核糖体进入位点和3' RNA元件的相互作用也开始在细胞RNA中被鉴定，特别是在整体翻译受损的条件下。对于那些缺少帽结构、poly（A）尾或两者都缺少的mRNA（通常是病毒），发生了与经典翻译模型的重大偏离。 一种这样的病毒是大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV），其是大麦的最广泛和经济上重要的病毒之一。BYDV在mRNA的3'非翻译区中含有不寻常的RNA结构，其与5'非翻译区中的茎环相互作用。 这种长距离相互作用促进了病毒mRNA的有效翻译，但其机制尚不清楚。 该项目将探索BYDV RNA与eIF 4F的相互作用，eIF 4F是一种控制翻译起始限速步骤的蛋白质。 核糖体与BYDV RNA结合的特异性也将通过“足印”分析来确定。 总之，这些数据将导致更好地理解病毒mRNA如何能够竞争宿主细胞信使RNA进行有效的病毒感染。更广泛的影响：这些实验将为从高中到研究生院的学生提供生物化学和定量测量方面的良好培训。将继续与当地一所高中和曼哈顿社区学院（一所西班牙裔服务机构）的教师进行互动，以帮助改善教师和学生的研究。过去参与PI研究的许多学生来自代表性不足的少数群体，少数群体学生也将被纳入该项目。这些学生将有助于在科学和技术的多样化和训练有素的劳动力。另一项活动将是重新设计高级实验室课程，以包括基于探究的研究，并为更多的学生提供研究经验。该研究将通过使用植物病毒模型来研究基因表达调控的关键步骤，从而产生广泛的科学影响。植物病毒病影响世界范围内大量的粮食作物，并对经济状况和粮食供应产生严重影响。有可能利用这项研究的信息，不仅控制病毒，而且还开发系统，以生产所需的蛋白质，这是营养上有益的或经济上有用的。

Intellectual Merit: Long range RNA-RNA interactions are well documented for virtually all mRNA. Most cellular mRNAs employ a 5' cap and a 3' poly (A) tail, both of which play key roles in translation of the mRNA. However interactions involving internal ribosome entry sites and 3' RNA elements are also beginning to be identified in cellular RNAs, especially under conditions where overall translation is compromised. A major deviation from the classical model of translation occurs for those mRNAs (often viral) that lack either a cap structure, poly (A) tail or both. One such virus is barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), one of the most widespread and economically important viruses of barley. BYDV contains an unusual RNA structure in the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA that interacts with a stem-loop in the 5' untranslated region. This long-range interaction promotes efficient translation of the viral mRNA, but the mechanism is not well understood. This project will explore the interaction of the BYDV RNA with eIF4F, a protein that controls the rate-limiting step for translation initiation. The specificity of ribosome binding to the BYDV RNA will also be determined by "toeprint" analysis. Taken together, these data will lead to a better understanding of how viral mRNA is able to out-compete host cell messenger RNA for effective viral infection. Broader Impacts: These experiments will provide excellent training for students from high school through graduate school in both biochemical and quantitative measurements. Interactions will continue with faculty from a local high school and from Borough of Manhattan Community College (a Hispanic serving institution) to help improve research for faculty and their students. Many of the students involved in the PI's research in the past have been from underrepresented minority groups, and minority students will also be included in this project. These students will contribute to a diverse and well-trained workforce in science and technology. An additional activity will be the redesign of the advanced lab curriculum to include inquiry-based research and to provide a research experience for more students. The research will have broad scientific impact through its use of a plant virus model for studying a key step in regulation of gene expression. Plant viral diseases affect a significant number of food crops world-wide and can have severe impact both on economic conditions and food supply. There is a potential to use information from this research not only to control viruses but also to develop systems to produce desired proteins which are nutritionally beneficial or economically useful.